An investigation of mechanical, corrosion and high-temperature oxidation behaviors on designed Ti-based entropic alloys

Abstract

To satisfy the high performance requirements of new generation materials in application of aerospace and automotive industries, a series of TiZrHf-based entropic (i.e., entropy-stabilized) alloys with α+β dual-phase microstructure were designed using the CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagram) methodology. The present work aimed to achieve an balanced performance between mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature oxidation stability by tailoring Zr/Hf ratios. The alloys were comprehensively characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI), and high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscope (HAADF-STEM). Due to the effect of transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP), the homogenized and cryogenic alloys exhibit balanced mechanical properties (i.e., high strength and ductility). Electrochemical tests in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution demonstrated good corrosion resistance, and the stability of the passive film was slightly compromised by both cryogenic treatment and Zr/Hf additions. Moderate high-temperature oxidation tests at 500 and 600 °C showed that the alloys have good oxidation resistance result from the formation of protective scales dominated by TiO2 and Al2O3. However, the formation of less-protective Zr/Hf-oxides at higher temperatures (700 °C) was found to be detrimental. This work provide a CALPHAD-guided design strategy for developing Ti-based entropic alloys with a well-balanced properties for applying in different severe environments.Full text: CC BY license;For funding information, see: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.12.182</p