Self-Determination Beyond the Nation-State

Abstract

The article examines the challenges faced by stateless national communities, specifically Palestinians and Kurds, in the context of the nation-state system and explores alternative frameworks for self-determination. It highlights the historical context of nationalism in the Middle East, detailing how the establishment of nation-states has marginalized these groups, leading to ongoing struggles for autonomy and recognition. The authors discuss emerging ideas such as a two-state confederation in Israel-Palestine and the concept of "democratic confederalism" advocated by Kurdish communities, which prioritize local governance and inclusivity over traditional state structures. These alternative models suggest potential pathways for addressing long-standing conflicts and reimagining political organization in a rapidly changing world