Virtual Reality in Undergraduate and Postgraduate Nursing Education: A Scoping Review Protocol Integrating Data Mining for Topic Discovery

Abstract

Virtual Reality (VR) encompasses a range of computer-based technologies that simulate complex scenarios, offering immersive, experiential learning in a controlled virtual environment. In nurs- ing education, VR has the potential to enhance both technical and non-technical competencies. However, the existing literature on VR in nursing education is fragmented, making it challenging to fully grasp its scope, applications, and emerging trends. This scoping review protocol outlines a systematic approach to mapping the existing literature on the use of VR in undergraduate and postgraduate nursing education. Following Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines and the PRISMA- ScR 2020 framework, the review will include studies published in English, Spanish, or Italian, as well as those with an accessible HTML version to enable accurate automated translation and eli- gibility assessment. A comprehensive search will be conducted across PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and EMBASE, with no time restrictions. Two independent reviewers will assess study eligibility and extract data using a standardized form. Additionally, data mining techniques, including La- tent Dirichlet Allocation enhanced by Bayesian optimization, will be employed to identify trends and emerging topics in the field, providing valuable insights for educators, researchers, and pol- icymakers. • This scoping review protocol outlines the methodology for systematically mapping the exist- ing literature on VR in nursing education, providing a comprehensive overview of its appli- cations at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. • Advanced data mining techniques will be applied to uncover emerging trends and key topics, enhancing the understanding of VR’s evolving role in nursing education. • Findings will offer methodological and practical insights, supporting educators, researchers, and policymakers in optimizing and expanding VR-based learning strategies in nursing