The translation and validation of Ruminative Response Scale (RRS-10) among emerging Adults in Malaysia

Abstract

Past studies found that rumination contributes to depression and anxiety. The Ruminative Response Scale (RRS-10) was one of the most used scales to investigate rumination. To date, there is no validated scale to investigate rumination in Malaysia. This study aims to translate and validate the RRS-10 in Malaysia. This paper reports two studies: 1) Study 1 would validate the English RRS-10. 2) Study 2 would translate the RRS-10 from English to Bahasa Malaysia, then validate it. Both studies employed convenient sampling to recruit Malaysians, aged ranging from 18 to 30 as participants via a survey link shared on social media. Participants who agreed to participate were contacted for test-retest reliability. Non-Malaysians who exceeded the age range rated themselves poorly in the required languages were removed as participants. Study 1 had 203 participants (M = 24.04, SD = 2.91) and Study 2 had 136 participants (M = 23.38, SD = 2.69). Results showed both studies supported the two-factor model of RRS- 10 via Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Both studies reported good convergent and discriminant validity. RRS-10 was more strongly correlated with Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) compared to the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS). In Study 2, RRS-10 Bahasa Malaysia was more strongly correlated with the DASS-21 Bahasa Malaysia compared to the Short Form Health Survey BM (SF-12v2 BM). Both studies also showed good internal consistencies, but only Study 2 showed a poor test-retest reliability, partly because of the high attrition rate of retest participants (N = 44). In conclusion, RRS-10 is valid and reliable in investigating rumination for emerging adults in Malaysia