Haptic animation: incorporating touch in expanded animation

Abstract

This thesis explores the concept of ‘Haptic Animation’, a creative approach to expanding the sensory dimensions of animation beyond the traditional visual focus. Rooted in the exploration of touch, and space, this practice-led question challenges the ocular-centric norms of animation by foregrounding tactile experiences. Drawing on the theoretical framework of Laura U. Marks' concept of haptic visuality (2000), which emphasises the sensory experience of the viewer, the study redefines animation as a multisensory medium through both handcrafted and kinetic approaches. It categorises the practice into two key approaches: frame-based animation, which foregrounds touchable frames to explore the tactile qualities of materials, and kinetic-based animation, which incorporates physical motion through haptic devices and physical interaction. In this kinetic approach, haptic devices powered by Arduino and servo motors are used to simulate real-world movement, adding a layer of physical engagement to the animated experience. Through these combined approaches, the study reimagines animation as a meeting point between sight and touch, where the tactile dimension becomes integral to its creation and reception. The research is structured around three core chapters: ‘Expanding Touch in Animation,’ ‘Touching Sound in Expanded Animation,’ and ‘Creating Space in Expanded Animation.’ Each chapter delves into the theoretical frameworks and practical methodologies that underpin the creation of haptic animation. The study emphasises the importance of haptics in animation, highlighting how tactile engagement can be integrated into animated forms to create embodied experiences. Similarly, the role of sound is investigated as a touchable element, with a focus on its ability to enhance the sensory richness of animation. During the exploration, I produced expanded animations that I have shown in six exhibitions. Two were solo exhibitions shown at the University of Glasgow: Touch and Tell (2021) and Beyond the Screen (2024). The others were shown to the public as part of various collective exhibitions. Walking No.1 (2022) was exhibited in TouchScreen: Rethinking Perception through Sight and Skin at the Centre of Contemporary Art Glasgow in 2022; Walking No.2 (2022) was shown at the ARCadia festival at the Advanced Research Centre in 2022; Kinetic Apple No.1 (2023) was presented in the Tacky Fondue Exhibition at the Salt Space Gallery in 2023, and Kinetic Apple No.2 (2024) was exhibited in the Animation as Art exhibition at the Museum of Texas Tech University in 2024. The thesis culminates in a reflection on the implications of haptic animation for both the practice and understanding of animation. Ultimately, this research contributes to the broader discourse on sensory engagement in art, offering new perspectives on how animation can be experienced through alternative sensory pathways