Refounding the Starting Point of Philosophy: From the Question of Manifestation to the Concept of Pure Suchness哲学起点的重新奠基：从“显现”问题到“纯质”理念

Abstract

当代哲学面临理论日益精致化与思想实质停滞的深层困境，其根源在于哲学起点处存在一个未被充分审查的前提：无论是传统存在论对“世界”的预设，还是认识论对“主体”的依赖，都已事先默认了“显现”这一事实，而未对“显现本身如何可能”进行追问。本文旨在对此哲学起点实行一次彻底的再奠基。核心论点是：“显现本身如何可能”应取代“何物存在”与“如何认识”，成为第一哲学的根本问题。通过先验分析，本文论证显现作为一种“成就”必有其条件，并在系统排除一切显现者（存在者、空无、逻辑、主体）之后，必然确立一种非对象性的、自我呈现的“明性”作为最终根据。进而，本文将“明性”及其内在规定（自足性、非对象性、纯粹能动性、同一性）概念化为“纯质”理念。需明确，“纯质”并非另一形而上学实体，而是使显现得以可能的先验功能位格。本文的奠基工作，其目的不在于构建新的哲学体系，而在于为哲学确立一个不可再后退的源初出发点，并展望由此展开的未来研究路径。 Contemporary philosophy exhibits a structural tension: its theoretical instruments grow increasingly refined, yet its grounding question remains unsettled. The root of this impasse lies in an inherited but unexamined premise: both classical ontology and modern epistemology presuppose the fact of manifestation— the already-given openness in which subject, world, and meaning appear— without interrogating how manifestation itself is possible. This paper proposes a fundamental re-foundation of philosophy. The primary claim is that the question “How is manifestation possible?” must precede “What exists?” and “How do we know?”, for both existence and knowledge occur only within an already-manifest field. Through transcendental analysis, manifestation is shown to be an achievement rather than a brute fact, and therefore must possess enabling conditions. A systematic elimination of inadequate candidates— including entities, nothingness, logical form, and subjectivity— leads necessarily to a non-objective, self-present, self-grounding capacity to manifest, which this work terms luminosity. The inner determinations of luminosity (self-sufficiency, non-objectivity, pure activity, unity) are conceptually articulated as Pure Suchness. Crucially, Pure Suchness is not posited as a metaphysical entity, but as a transcendental functional ground that makes manifestation possible. The aim of this work is not to build a new speculative metaphysics, but to establish an irreversible point of origin for philosophy— a pre-theoretical, non-derivative ground from which ontological and epistemological discourse can subsequently unfold