Pattern and Prevalence of Poisoning Cases Reported to a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.

Abstract

BackgroundPoisoning remains a significant public health issue in developing countries, contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality. Identifying patterns and prevalent substances involved is essential for guiding preventive measures and clinical management. ObjectiveTo analyze the demographic profile, type, intent, clinical presentation, and outcomes of poisoning cases reported to a tertiary care hospital. MethodsThis retrospective cross-sectional observational study included 100 patients admitted with acute poisoning over a 12-month period. Data were collected from hospital records, including demographic details, type and intent of poisoning, presenting symptoms, time to hospital presentation, interventions, and outcomes. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. ResultsMost poisoning cases occurred in individuals aged 21–30 years (42%), followed by the 11–20 age group (28%). Males (58%) were more commonly affected than females (42%) (Table 1). The most frequent agents were organophosphorus compounds (35%), followed by non-OP pesticides (15%) and drug overdoses (14%) (Table 2). Suicidal intent was predominant (66%), while accidental ingestion accounted for 28% of cases (Table 3). Vomiting (72%) was the most common presenting symptom, with altered sensorium (34%) and respiratory distress (20%) also observed (Table 4). The majority of patients presented within 2–6 hours (44%) (Table 5). Gastric lavage was performed in 82% of cases; specific antidotes were administered in 38%. ICU admission was needed in 27% and 12% required ventilatory support. Complete recovery was observed in 85% of patients, with a mortality rate of 7% (Table 6). ConclusionPoisoning primarily affects young adults, with a high rate of suicidal intent and organophosphorus compound involvement. Early recognition, timely intervention, and psychiatric counseling are critical to improving outcomes. Recommendations Enhance public awareness, regulate toxic substances, strengthen rural healthcare, and integrate psychiatric support to prevent and manage poisoning case