Performance analysis of a rectangular nested fractal antenna for multiband applications

Abstract

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and measurement of a novel rectangular nested fractal antenna tailored for multiband applications in diverse communication systems. The proposed antenna introduces a unique nested fractal geometry that optimizes resonant frequency allocation and enhances gain, a significant improvement over traditional fractal designs. With compact dimensions of 40×50×0.8 mm³, the antenna is fabricated using FR4 glass epoxy, a widely adopted dielectric material with a relative permittivity of 4.7 and a low loss tangent of 0.0197. Unlike conventional designs, this antenna achieves seven distinct resonant frequency bands at 1.99, 3.68, 4.91, 6.11, 7.60, 8.06, and 9.39 GHz, with corresponding bandwidths of 90, 80, 90, 100, 70, 22, and 210 MHz. Moreover, it demonstrates superior gains of 0.88, 2.18, 18.86, 8.89, 13.22, 12.24, and 4.01 dBi, surpassing prior designs in terms of performance consistency across multiple bands. The innovative nested fractal structure enhances multiband capabilities while maintaining a compact footprint, ensuring compatibility with emerging communication standards. Rigorous laboratory testing of the fabricated prototype confirmed the accuracy of simulated results, validating the antenna's high reliability and precision. These advancements make the proposed antenna a cutting-edge solution for applications including mobile communications, Wi-Fi, 5G, satellite communications, radar systems, and microwave communications