Wild Ungulate Detections Using RPAS and Satellite Imagery in Manitoba

Abstract

Effective wildlife monitoring is essential for the sustainable management of animal populations and their habitats, given the ecological and societal significance of wildlife. Traditional aerial surveys using helicopters and fixed wing aircraft remain the predominant method for tracking wild ungulates. However, they present certain limitations due to their high operational cost, safety risks to crews and animal behavioral impacts. This thesis investigates the potential of remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS), commonly known as drones, and satellite imagery as alternative technologies for wildlife monitoring in Manitoba. To evaluate the feasibility of these methods, satellite and RPAS imagery were collected across four Game Hunting Areas (GHAs). GHAs are designated areas used by the province of Manitoba to manage wildlife populations and designate human hunting activities. Satellite imagery was manually reviewed for animal detection, while RPAS imagery was analyzed using thermal thresholding techniques. This study successfully detected farmed cattle in satellite imagery and deer in RPAS imagery. While satellite imagery reliably detected animal groups, RPAS imagery proved more effective overall by enabling the identification of individual animals with greater accuracy and detail. Given the substantial volume of data generated, further advancements in automation for wildlife detection and enumeration are necessary to enhance efficiency and scalability. This research contributes to the ongoing development of innovative monitoring solutions, offering insights into the integration of remote sensing technologies for improved wildlife conservation and management strategies.The Fish and Wildlife Enhancement Fund, Research ManitobaMaster of Science in Environmental and Social Chang