What is Going on Here? Police Framing, Misframing and Reframing of Criminal Responsibility in Intimate Partner Violence Cases

Abstract

Police officers responding to intimate partner violence (IPV) calls face numerous challenges, including distinguishing IPV from stranger violence, addressing conflicting information, and, notably, utilizing their discretion. This research aimed to scrutinize the decision-making processes employed by police officers during IPV calls for service. To achieve this, Goffman’s (1974) frame theory was applied to analyze semi-structured interviews conducted with one Winnipeg Police officer and three Winnipeg service providers. The objective was to observe participants’ conceptual maps that highlight the use of discretion, implicit biases, and the cognitive processes underpinning police decision-making. Participants were asked open-ended questions regarding their experiences with working alongside the police or as an officer responding to IPV calls for service. The findings show that, like other professionals, the officer in the study relied on past experiences and personal identity (such as being a woman or a mother) in their decision-making. While the officer justified their actions using professional guidelines (like arrest mandates and reasonable grounds), there were inconsistencies in the application of the guidelines alongside personal biases. To better understand police behaviour in responding to intimate partner violence (IPV), it is helpful to adopt a sociological lens. This approach examines how social structures, cultural norms, and power dynamics influence officers’ actions and the factors beyond their control that affect their decisions and outcomes. It is important to note that the sample used in this study cannot be generalized, but as an exploratory study, it contributes to the ongoing discourse about what is necessary to enhance police response to IPV.Master of Arts in Criminal Justic