Decrypting the triad of climate policies, macroeconomic interdependencies and quantitative modelling: A literature review on quantifying climate risks

Abstract

This structured keyword-based meta-analysis reviews the estimation of climate risk factors and their economic impact in the recent literature between 2009 and 2025. Via examining existing research we are able to extract core statements, critical success and risk factors, considered data sets, implemented quantitative methods, and core empirical results. This allows us to identify current state-of-the-art topics and methodologies. Furthermore, we identify three major interrelated pillars, namely, policy-level considerations, macroeconomic effect chains paired with market-level dynamics, and quantitative modelling methodologies. According to the analysed research articles, a comprehensive understanding of at least two of these pillars is essential for effectively identifying, controlling, and modelling climate risk. This, in turn, helps to develop political strategies for mitigating climate change, which is displayed as a comprehensive triad model that can serve as a didactical basis for policy-decision making