The Impact of Colonial Legacies on the Political and Economic Development of Nigeria: A Critical Analysis of the Structural Adjustment Policies

Abstract

The implementation of structural adjustment policies (SAP) in Nigeria led to significant economic hardship, yet some individuals benefited from the recession and government actions. The import license regime in the Second Republic fostered the rise of a wealthy class, strengthening political connections. Despite low profits from 1982 to 1984, multinational companies such as United Africa Company, Patterson Zochonis, and Mobil Oil saw substantial gains, while workers experienced widespread retrenchment. SAP created a stark divide between winners and losers. Though SAP aimed to eradicate poverty and transform Africa’s economy, its failure to engage with the citizens who needed support most undermined its goals. The policy’s inability to adapt to the unique needs of African societies fueled discontent, as many felt it worsened economic hardship, poverty, and inequality. This paper uses historical method of discuss and analysis to explore the impact of colonial legacies on Nigeria's political and economic development, focusing on the consequences of SAP and its role in perpetuating disparities. Keywords: Colonial Legacies, Structural adjustment policies, Class inequality, Neocolonialis