<研究論文(原著論文)>詩の「真実」はいかにして判断されるのか --書き手の誠実から受け手の視点へ--

Abstract

本稿は、第16回応用哲学会年次研究大会における発表「詩が真理だとどうしてわかるのか」、および2024年度に一橋大学に提出した修士論文をもとにしている。We often say that a poem touches upon a unique “truth,” even if it is not factual. How can we characterize such an evaluation of poetic truth? The purpose of this paper is to answer this problem through a case study. I first examine an accepted view, which I call the Sincerity View: a poem is evaluated as poetically true when it is a sincere expression of beliefs, emotions, experiences, etc., of the poet. Despite the apparent plausibility of this view, it suffers from two problems: first, resorting to the poet's sincerity does not seem to be satisfactory to explain an instance of poetic truth; second, it remains unclear why readers/listeners are inclined to evaluate sincere poems “true”. Then I submit a complementary view that emphasizes the roles of readers/listeners. To clarify how they engage with a poem, I introduce the Relational Model (Karen Simecek). According to this model, when we read or listen to a poem, we try to share a perspective with it. To adapt this model for the purpose of this paper, I then modify it articulating two concepts: “view” (our subjective experience) and “inner reality” (our idiosyncratic past experiences). I further propose adding an additional step to the modified Relational Model. We often construct “imaginative scaffolding” during our appreciation of artworks (Antony Aumann, following Amy Kind). In my account, readers/listeners imagine a view by constructing imaginative scaffolding from their own inner reality. Through this process, they can mobilize their inner reality to evaluate truthfulness of the view. Finally, I examine an instance of poetic truth and show that my proposal can offer a more detailed explanation than the Sincerity View