Review on the Extinction of Fishes in Uttar Pradesh, India: Causes, Consequences, and Conservation Strategies

Abstract

India is one of the most recognized mega-diverse countries in the world. India consists of 4 globally identified biodiversity hotspots which are the Himalayas, Indo-Burma, western Ghat, and Sundar land contributing 7-8 % of the recorded species of the world. It is also known as a repository center for the traditional knowledge associated with biological resources of the 91,200 species of animal and 45,500 species of plants. A checklist of endemic freshwater fish species found that 355 freshwater species are endemic, based on the taxonomy used in fish base 2004 and 13 March 2009 research data in India. This is a huge decline in fish species because increasing lots of human anthropogenic activity, pesticides, insecticides, and untested chemical hazards released in the environment. The loss of species would disrupt the delicate ecological balance, potentially leading to a cascade of negative environmental effects and, therefore loss of biodiversity of species in Utter Pradesh. This research paper reviews the major chemical compounds, drugs, and environmental factors that are directly and indirectly affecting fish species extension and discusses the cause, consequences, and conservation strategies of endemic species in freshwater Utter Pradesh