Integrating artificial intelligence in clinical pharmacology: Opportunities, challenges and ethical imperatives

Abstract

Ovaj rad opisuje transformacijski potencijal umjetne inteligencije (AI) u području kliničke farmakologije, s naglaskom na mogućnosti, izazove i etičke implikacije njezine integracije. AI tehnologije, uključujući strojno učenje (ML), duboko učenje (DL) i strojnu obradu jezika (NLP), značajno mijenjaju način otkrivanja lijekova, optimizacije kliničkih ispitivanja te personalizacije terapije. Prikazani su primjeri uspješne primjene AI u identifikaciji novih terapijskih ciljeva, prenamjeni indikacije lijekova, dizajnu nanonosača i optimizaciji kliničkih protokola. Također se razmatraju izazovi poput ograničene mogućnosti generalizacije rezultata, netransparentnih algoritama, rizika od algoritamske pristranosti te problema privatnosti podataka. Autori upozoravaju na etičke prijetnje, uključujući mogućnost zlouporabe AI za razvoj biološkog oružja, i naglašavaju potrebu za čvrstim regulatornim okvirom i edukacijom zdravstvenih djelatnika o odgovornoj primjeni AI. Zaključno, AI ima potencijal značajno unaprijediti kliničku farmakologiju, no za njezinu sigurnu i učinkovitu integraciju potrebni su multidisciplinarna suradnja, transparentnost i kontinuirana evaluacija njezine primjene u kliničkoj praksi.The transformative potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of clinical pharmacology is explored, with a focus on its opportunities, challenges, and ethical implications. AI technologies, including machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and natural language processing (NLP), are significantly reshaping drug discovery, clinical trial optimization, and personalized therapy. Examples of successful AI applications are presented, such as the identification of novel therapeutic targets, drug repurposing, nanocarrier design, and the optimization of clinical protocols. The discussion also addresses challenges such as limited generalizability of results, algorithmic opacity, risks of algorithmic bias, and data privacy concerns. The authors highlight ethical threats, including the potential misuse of AI in the development of biological weapons, and emphasize the need for a robust regulatory framework and the education of healthcare professionals on the responsible use of AI. In conclusion, while AI holds significant promise for advancing clinical pharmacology, its safe and effective integration requires multidisciplinary collaboration, transparency, and continuous evaluation of its application in clinical practice

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