Applying the circular economy in the packaging industry

Abstract

Ovaj diplomski rad bavi se primjenom kružnog gospodarstva u ambalažnoj industriji, s naglaskom na analizu tehnoloških rješenja, zakonodavnog okvira i konkretnih primjera iz prakse. Kroz kvalitativnu analizu literature i studije slučaja obrađeni su ključni mehanizmi kao što su ekološki dizajn, recikliranje, sustavi povrata ambalaže, digitalna označavanja i procjena životnog ciklusa (LCA). Poseban naglasak stavljen je na heterogenost ambalažnog otpada kao prepreku učinkovitom recikliranju te na važnost standardizacije materijala i poticanja inovacija. U okviru rada obrađene su dvije studije slučaja (Tetra Pak i Nestlé), koje prikazuju različite strategije korporativne održivosti u praksi, potvrđujući da kružno gospodarstvo može biti uspješno implementirano kroz tehnološke inovacije, partnersku suradnju i edukaciju potrošača. Rad također ističe ekološke, gospodarske i društvene koristi ovog pristupa, ali i izazove koji proizlaze iz neusklađenog zakonodavstva i niske razine svijesti. Zaključno, rad donosi konkretne preporuke za industriju i zakonodavce te naglašava važnost integriranog pristupa u kojem su svi sudionici, od proizvođača do krajnjih korisnika, uključeni u ostvarenje ciljeva kružnog gospodarstva.This thesis explores the application of the circular economy in the packaging industry, with a focus on the analysis of technological solutions, regulatory frameworks, and real-world case examples. Through qualitative literature analysis and case studies, key mechanisms such as eco-design, recycling, packaging return systems, digital labeling, and life cycle assessment (LCA) are examined. Special attention is given to the heterogeneity of packaging waste as an obstacle to effective recycling and the importance of material standardization and innovation. The thesis presents two case studies (Tetra Pak and Nestlé), which illustrate different corporate sustainability strategies in practice, confirming that circular economy principles can be successfully implemented through technological innovation, stakeholder collaboration, and consumer education. The research also highlights the environmental, economic, and social benefits of this approach, as well as the challenges arising from uncoordinated legislation and low public awareness. In conclusion, the thesis offers concrete recommendations for industry and policymakers and emphasizes the need for an integrated approach in which all stakeholders, from producers to end users, are involved in achieving circular economy goals

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Last time updated on 17/07/2025

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