Major considerations and outcomes of the periodontal diseases and infective endocarditis: a concise systematic review

Abstract

Introduction: Infective endocarditis (IE) is a bacterial infection of the heart's inner lining. Substantial evidence supports a link between oral health and IE, with the oral microbiome impacting multiple aspects of IE, including pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and mortality rates. Objective: It was to conduct a concise systematic review of the major guidelines by the American Heart Association and work related to bacterial resistance in periodontal diseases and infective endocarditis. Methods: The PRISMA Platform systematic review rules were followed. The search was carried out from February to March 2025 in the Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 105 articles were found, and 27 articles were evaluated in full and 14 were included and developed in the present concise systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 28 studies with a high risk of bias and 20 studies that did not meet GRADE and AMSTAR-2. Most studies showed homogeneity in their results, with X2=74.7%>50%. It was concluded that there is a significant association between periodontitis and increased cardiovascular risk, promoting integrated health approaches. Infective endocarditis, although relatively uncommon, is a disease that causes substantial morbidity and mortality. Although advances in diagnosis and treatment have improved antimicrobials, prevention is still an important factor. Protocols for the use of prophylactic antibiotics have been used in medical and dental procedures likely to generate the development of the disease in high-risk patients. Thus, the use of antibiotic prophylaxis is associated with a reduced risk of infective endocarditis after invasive dental procedures