Weight Recidivism Post-Bariatric Surgery: A Lifestyle Modifications Educational Intervention

Abstract

Weight recidivism after bariatric surgery is a frustrating phenomenon for bariatric surgery patients and healthcare professionals. A 90-day lifestyle modification intervention for patients at least 18 months postsurgery was performed in the primary care setting to determine if a structured program could promote or maintain weight loss. The intervention aimed to investigate if participation in a structured lifestyle modification program would impact the body mass index of bariatric patients at least 18 months postsurgical intervention. In coordination with a nutritionist specializing in addiction and obesity education, a booklet detailing the guidelines for a 12-week program was provided to 41 bariatric surgery patients of the primary care organization, which served as the approved clinical site. A secondary consideration was performed utilizing the RAND-36 short form to assess the effects of obesity as a chronic condition on quality of life. The 41 participants reported to the approved clinical site for baseline, 6th-week, and 12th-week BMI measurements. Each participant at each evaluation was allowed to ask questions about the guidelines and program, express concerns or frustrations, and convey barriers to success or compliance with the lifestyle modification intervention. A quantitative correlational research design was the basis for the research project. After the lifestyle modification intervention for bariatric surgery patients in the primary care setting, most participants experienced weight loss or BMI reduction. Still, nine of the 41 participants did gain weight, as evidenced by a final BMI greater than baseline after the 12-week intervention period. Overall, the outcomes of the lifestyle modification intervention were positive, statistically significant, and consistent with evidence-based research. Adherence to a structured dietary and activity regimen enables the maintenance of the substantial weight loss that can be achieved by bariatric surgery. Caloric reduction, consumption of a nutrient-rich diet of high-quality foods, and consistent physical activity can promote weight loss in the bariatric surgery population past the initial post-op period. Keywords: bariatric surgery, weight regain, weight recidivism, obesity, body mass index, Rand-3