Synergy of cover crops and microbiological fertilizer in order to improve soil biogenicity

Abstract

Interakcija između korenovog sistema i zemljišnih mikroorganizama u rizosferi je veoma važan mehanizam agroekosistema kojim se povećava stepen mineralizacije i usvajanja hranljivih materija. Rizosferna mikroflora svojom životnom aktivnošću utiče na mineralnu ishranu biljaka na više načina: preko mineralizacije organske materije, prevođenjem mineralnih materija zemljišta u pristupačne oblike za biljke, utičući na rast i građu korena i uopšte na rast i razviće biljaka. Pri oceni stanja zemljišta, ukupan broj mikroorganizama u zemljištu se često uzima kao pokazatelj i indikator promena njegove biogenosti koje mogu nastati delovanjem različitih uticaja. Cilj rada je ispitivanje uticaja gajenja pokrovnih useva (Faktor B) i mikrobiološkog đubriva (Faktor C) na biogenost zemljišta (ukupnog broja mikroorganizama i Azotobacter-a) za potrebe glavnog useva kukuruza. Istraživanje je sprovedeno 2014, 2015 i 2016 godine (Faktor A), sa različitim varijantama upotrebe pokrovnih useva (V1-obična grahorica, V2-ozimi krmni grašak, V3-ozimi ovas, V4-ozimi krmni kelj, V5- obična grahorica+ozimi ovas, V6-ozimi krmni grašak + ozimi ovas, i dve kontrolne varijante: V7-kontrola I (mrtvi organski malč–slama) i V8 - kontrola II (nepokriveno zemljište). Dodatno, analiza varijanse je pokazala statistički vrlo značajno variranje brojnosti mikroorganizama, kako u prolećnom periodu pred setvu, tako i u jesenjem periodu posle žetve glavnih useva. Gajenjem pokrovnih useva može se postići ublažavanje negativnog bilansa gasova sa efektom staklene bašte, i istovremeno doprinese otpornosti gajenih biljaka na promene u životnoj sredini, poput klimatskih promena, kroz povećanje plodnosti zemljišta, produktivnosti useva i bolji kvalitet vode, što nesumljivo utiče na naredne useve u plodoredu.The interaction between the root system and soil microorganisms in the rhizosphere is a very important mechanism of the agroecosystem, which increases the degree of mineralization and absorption of nutrients. The rhizospheric microflora with its life activity affects the mineral nutrition of plants in several ways: through the mineralization of organic matter, by translating the mineral substances of the soil into accessible forms for plants, affecting the growth and structure of the roots and in general the growth and development of plants. When assessing the condition of the soil, the total number of microorganisms in the soil is often taken as an indicator and indicator of changes in its biogenicity that may occur due to the action of various influences. The aim of the work is to examine the influence of growing cover crops (Factor B) and microbiological fertilizer (Factor C) on soil biogenicity (total number of microorganisms and Azotobacter) for the needs of the main corn crop. The research was carried out in 2014, 2015, 2016 (Factor A), with different variants of the use of cover crops (V1-common vetch, V2-winter fodder pea, V3-winter oats, V4-winter fodder kale, V5-winter pea + winter oats, and two control variants: V7-control I (dead organic mulch-straw) and V8-control II (uncovered soil). Additionally, the analysis of variance showed a statistically significant variation in the number of microorganisms, both in the spring period before sowing, and in the autumn period after the harvest of the main crops. By growing cover crops, it is possible to mitigate the negative balance of gases with the greenhouse effect, and at the same time contribute to the resistance of cultivated plants to changes in the environment, such as climate change, through increasing soil fertility, crop productivity and better water quality, which undoubtedly affects the following crops in the crop rotation