Doug Ford, neoliberal parliamentarism and oscillating majoritarianism: The use of constitutional tools to centralize power and undercut democratic decision-making processes

Abstract

Since becoming Premier of Ontario in 2018, Doug Ford has utilized the Westminster Parliamentary system and invocations of particular types of majoritarian politics to attempt to shield his government from accountability and critique. This article explores the use of majoritarian discourse and the specific legislative tools that the Ford government has used to further the neoliberalization of the Ontario state apparatus. This is represented by, but not limited to, The Better Local Democracy Act (2018) and the use of creatures of the province to impose a total restructuring of the City of Toronto’s democratic-decision making institutions and processes; the Strong Mayors, Building Homes Act (2022), which set an unparalleled centralization of power in municipal mayor’s offices in Toronto and Ottawa; and his unprecedented usage of the Notwithstanding Clause on two occasions, but particularly the Keeping Students in Class Act (2022) which overrode constitutionally protected collective bargaining and strike rights for CUPE education workers in Ontario. Utilizing a combination of what Ian Bruff (2014) describes as ‘authoritarian neoliberalism’ and Thomas McDowell (2019; 2021) refers to as “neoliberal parliamentarism,” this article argues that while seemingly very different cases that these pieces of legislation and the discourses to justify them are indicative of a turn towards an oscillating majoritarian and inverted majoritarian form of neoliberalization rooted in the idea of a specific form of executive parliamentary supremacy at multiple territorial levels of Canadian federalism and governance.  Depuis qu’il est devenu premier ministre de l’Ontario en 2018, Doug Ford a utilisé le système parlementaire de Westminster et des invocations de types particuliers de politiques majoritaires pour protéger son gouvernement de la responsabilité et de la critique. Cet article explore l’utilisation du discours majoritaire et les outils législatifs que Ford a utilisés pour favoriser la néolibéralisation de l’appareil d’État de l’Ontario. Cela est représenté par, mais sans s’y limiter, la Loi sur l’amélioration de la démocratie locale (2018) ; la Loi sur les maires forts et la construction de logements (2022) ; et son utilisation sans précédent de la clause dérogatoire à deux reprises, mais en particulier la Loi sur le maintien des élèves en classe (2022). En utilisant la théorie du parlementarisme néolibéral de Thomas McDowell (2019 ; 2021), cet article soutient que, bien qu’apparemment très différents, ces textes de loi et les discours qui les justifient sont révélateurs d’un virage vers une forme oscillante de majorité et de suprématie parlementaire exécutive spécifique à plusieurs niveaux territoriaux du fédéralisme et de la gouvernance canadiens

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