The Effects of Alpha-GPC on Memory and Locomotion in Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract

Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine (Alpha-GPC) is a choline containing supplement that claims to enhance memory formation, improve cognitive function, and increase locomotion. It is believed to do this by supporting the synthesis of Acetylcholine (ACh), a neurotransmitter involved in memory formation and motor control. While prior research supports the capability of Alpha-GPC to increase ACh levels, there is little evidence to support its role in improving memory and movement. Additionally, Alpha-GPC is not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration, which raises questions about its safety and efficacy. The goal of this study was to test the effects of Alpha-GPC on expression of the memory-related genes, dunce (dnc) and amnesiac (amn), as well as on motor function and memory-forming capabilities, within the model organism, Drosophila melanogaster. Based on the importance of ACh in memory formation and movement, we hypothesized that administration of Alpha-GPC would increase expression of dnc and amn, as well as improve motor function and memory. To test this hypothesis, we administered an Alpha-GPC solution to the experimental group of D. melanogaster, while a control group received only reverse osmosis (RO) water. Following the treatment period, D. melanogaster were subjected to RT-qPCR to measure expression of dnc and amn, as well as behavioral assays including geotaxis, phototaxis, and olfactory memory. The results showed a significant decrease in dnc in the Alpha-GPC treated flies; however, there was no significant difference in either the expression of amn or in the performance of the flies during the geotaxis, phototaxis, and olfactory memory behavioral assays