Integrating Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for Enhanced Management and Efficiency of Urban Infrastructure in Smart Cities

Abstract

Integrating Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) offers transformative potential for managing urban infrastructure within the framework of smart cities. The thesis explores the integration of BIM and GIS through three stages: a literature review to identify challenges and opportunities, a prototype model demonstrating practical applications, and actionable guidelines to support stakeholders in urban planning and infrastructure management. A literature review establishes the theoretical foundation, highlighting the complementary roles of BIM and GIS, existing standards like ISO 19650 and CityGML, and the barriers to seamless integration, including data interoperability, semantic inconsistencies, and technical complexities. The review further examines key concepts such as BIM dimensions, and LOD concepts in BIM and GIS, which define the granularity of information at various stages of project workflows. Additionally, widely adopted classification systems, such as UniClass, OmniClass, and DIN 276, are discussed for their role in standardizing data organization and enhancing interoperability. The study develops a prototype model, leveraging tools such as ArcGIS Pro, Revit, and GDAL, to demonstrate the integration of real-world datasets from Stuttgart, Germany. The prototype incorporates digital terrain models, cadastral data, and 3D building geometries, employing various integration methods, including direct use of BIM files, geodatabase conversion, and Building Scene Layers. These methods are evaluated for their advantages, limitations, and applicability to diverse urban planning scenarios. The research provides actionable best practices based on insights from the literature review and prototype development. These include developing a clear understanding of project objectives, establishing standardized data workflows to address interoperability challenges, defining clear roles for stakeholders, and fostering cross-disciplinary collaboration. The recommendations highlight the importance of leveraging appropriate software solutions and ensuring consistent use of spatial reference systems throughout the project to enhance accuracy and facilitate seamless integration. This thesis concludes that BIM-GIS integration is a critical enabler for smart city initiatives, offering a framework for managing urban infrastructure. Future research should explore the application of emerging technologies, such as digital twins and IoT, to further advance the integration of BIM and GIS in dynamic urban environments