Analysis of Vegetation Change Trends Using Satellite Data and Remote Sensing Techniques (Case Study: BAGRAM-Afghanistan)

Abstract

Garden and agricultural species are closely related phenomena mainly observed in different regions of the world. Wherever there is agriculture, there are bound to be both fruitful and non-fruitful trees. Bagram district is one of the districts of Parwan province, where most of the people of this district are engaged in agriculture for their livelihood. The main objective of this research is to use satellite data, and an effort was made to extract the areas under plant cover and separate garden and crop species. The normalized vegetation cover index was used to obtain the areas covered by vegetation. All the areas covered by vegetation were extracted, and then the supervised maximum likelihood classification method was used to separate garden and agricultural species from each other. This research applied the vegetation index to Sentinel-2 imagery from 2018 and 2023, followed by supervised classification on the same datasets. Finally, the result was that the area of ​​agricultural land in 2018 was equal to 92 square kilometres, but it reached 100 square kilometres in 2023. Also, the land area of gardens was 15.92 square kilometres in 2018. However, by 2023, it reached 27 square kilometres, and the area of ​​agricultural lands and gardens in the Bagram district has increased by almost 20 square kilometres from 2018 to 2023