University North. University centre Varaždin. Department of Physiotherapy.
Abstract
Ruptura meniska jedna je od najčešćih ozljeda koljenskog zgloba, posebice kod sportaša i osoba izloženih ponavljanim opterećenjima. Menisk stabilizira koljeno, apsorbira sile i ravnomjerno raspodjeljuje opterećenje pa njegova ozljeda može uzrokovati bol, ograničenu pokretljivost i dugoročne komplikacije. Ozljeda meniska najčešće nastaje zbog torzijskih sila i naglih pokreta koljena. Simptomi uključuju bol, oticanje i blokadu zgloba. Dijagnostika se temelji na kliničkim testovima, magnetnoj rezonanciji i artroskopiji. Liječenje može biti konzervativno ili operativno, ovisno o težini ozljede. Fizikalna terapija ključna je u oporavku pacijenata, a uključuje terapiju pokretom, elektroterapiju, hidroterapiju, krioterapiju, magnetoterapiju, terapiju ultrazvukom, različite masaže te kinesio taping. Individualizirani pristup rehabilitaciji omogućuje brži i sigurniji oporavak te smanjuje rizik od ponovnih ozljeda. Cilj fizioterapije je ne samo smanjiti simptome, već i dugoročno očuvati funkcionalnost koljena te omogućiti pacijentima povratak svakodnevnim aktivnostima. Ovaj rad analizira anatomiju meniska, kliničku sliku ozljede, dijagnostiku, liječenje i rehabilitaciju.Meniscus rupture is one of the most common knee joint injuries, particularly among athletes and individuals exposed to repetitive strain. The meniscus stabilizes the knee, absorbs forces, and evenly distributes the load, so its injury can lead to pain, limited mobility, and long-term complications. Meniscus injuries typically occur due to torsional forces and sudden knee movements. Symptoms include pain, swelling, and joint blockage. Diagnosis is based on clinical tests, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and arthroscopy. Treatment can be either conservative or surgical, depending on the severity of the injury. Physical therapy plays a crucial role in patient recovery and includes movement therapy, electrotherapy, hydrotherapy, cryotherapy, magnetotherapy, ultrasound therapy, various massage techniques, and kinesio taping. An individualized rehabilitation approach ensures a faster and safer recovery while reducing the risk of reinjury. The goal of physiotherapy is not only to alleviate symptoms but also to preserve long-term knee function and enable patients to return to daily activities. This paper analyzes the anatomy of the meniscus, the clinical presentation of its injury, diagnostics, treatment, and rehabilitation
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