Comprehensive studies of greater caucasus river valleys soils

Abstract

The aim of the research is to determine the vegetation index of natural vegetation in different years and seasons in wetlands formed around river valleys in selected areas, and to study the spread of erosion processes. The article provides information about soil-ecological processes in Gabala district, one of the main districts of the Sheki-Zagatala region of Azerbaijan, the level of the section of the Dеmiraparanchay river passing through the village of Laza, its impact on surrounding areas, and the ecological situation of the village of Savalan. Measurements were made in this area and certain data were collected. The research work also studied the vegetation, nature and landscape forms of the part of the Shahdag National Park, which is part of the territory of the Gabala region. Soil and plant research was of great importance for these territories and is important for improving the current ecological situation. NDVI for the vegetation of this type of swamps reaches its maximum value by approximately the 202nd day of the year (21.07.2024), the vegetation period is approximately 138 days. Similar graphs were obtained for all types of swamps studied in the work, the dates on which the NDVI maximum occurs and the corresponding maximum NDVI values were calculated. Soil erosion is an exogenous hazardous phenomenon (i.e. caused by external factors). Unfortunately, since soil protection from erosion brings additional costs, currently not every agricultural enterprise is able to carry out work to reduce or slow down erosion processes. However, it happens that even large enterprises that have the capacity to do so try to save on soil protection from erosion, performing only the minimum of protective measure