Birth of Law No. 1 of 2022 concerning Financial Relations between the Central Government and Regional Governments (HKPD Law) colors a new round of Fiscal Decentralization in Indonesia which in the last two decades has experienced ups and downs. This research is a type of normative research, the approach to be used is the statutory approach and the conceptual approach. Primary and secondary legal materials are collected through a literature study which will then be analyzed in a descriptive-qualitative manner and will later be outlined in the discussion description. The discussion results show that in the two decades of its implementation, fiscal decentralization has positively contributed to national development. However, several studies have also uncovered some negative developments. For this reason, in the context of accelerating development, improving, and responding to the challenges of the times, the HKPD Law was born. The substance of the HKPD Law is very positive in encouraging self-reliance and prosperity, starting from the reform of the tax and user fee system, and regional financing to central-regional synergy. In order to further optimize the HKPD Law, in the future several policy reforms are needed such as optimizing regional own-source revenues through wider tax decentralization, optimal utilization of regional financial loans, and involvement of law enforcement officials in TKDD supervision.Lahirnya UU No. 1 Tahun 2022 tentang Hubungan Keuangan antara Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemerintah Daerah (UU HKPD) mewarnai babak baru Desentralisasi Fiskal di Indonesia yang dalam dua dekade terakhir mengalami pasang surut. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian normatif, pendekatan yang akan digunakan adalah pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Bahan hukum primer dan sekunder dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan yang kemudian akan dianalisis secara deskriptif-kualitatif dan nantinya dituangkan dalam uraian pembahasan. Hasil pembahasan menunjukan bahwa dalam dua dekade penerapanya, desentralisasi fiskal memberikan sumbangsih positif dalam pembangunan nasional. Namun beberapa penelitian juga mengungkap beberapa perkembangan negatif. Untuk itulah dalam rangka akselerasi pembangunan, perbaikan dan menjawab tantangan zaman lahirlah UU HKPD. Substansi UU HKPD sangat positif mendorong kemandirian dan kesejahteraan, mulai dari adanya reformasi sistem perpakajan dan retribusi, pembiayaan daerah hingga sinergitas pusat-daerah. Untuk lebih mengoptimalkan UU HKPD, kedepan perlu beberapa reformasi kebijakan seperti optimalisasi pendapatan asli daerah melalui desentralisasi perpajakan yang lebih luas, pemanfaatan pinjaman keuangan daerah secara optimal dan pelibatan apparat penegak hukum dalam pengawasan TKDD
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