Due to some extreme weather conditions (e.g. droughts, inland
waters or floods etc.) occurring in Carpathian Basin, climatic
fluctuations can be detected in Hungary which can modify some
environmental factors in caves. In our study we were determined
to enquire to which extent do surface temperature changes
influence cave air temperature. Three different types of caves
were selected for the analysis: a hypogene cave (Hideglyuk), a
tectonically performed epigenetic cave (Hajnóczy Cave) and a
typical swallet cave (Trió Cave). Cave air temperature was
determined in order to delineate the degree of anthropogenic
impact, as well as to investigate how long it takes the surface
temperature to have an effect on the cave air temperature. To
test applicability of a wireless sensor network in cave
temperature measurement, UC Mote Mini low power wireless sensor
module was used for our measurements. Temperature data were
recorded at 10 minutes intervals. The obtained data were
evaluated using a matrix of correlation coefficients as to
identify the communication network between the passages.
In Hajnóczy Cave the delay effect of the passages can be
detected: a decrease in surface temperature can only be seen
after 2 days and 4 days at measurement points No. 2 ("Entrance")
and No. 3, ("Housetop"), respectively. In Hideg-lyuk, two
different circulations can be distinguished: a large one
covering the studied area and a small one that most probably
connects the channel with undiscovered passages. The human
impact on the air temperature of Trió Cave is unambiguous,
raising the inside temperature with 0.05 °C or 0.6 °C in the
case of three and twenty-eight visitors, respectively
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