Detection of PLGA-based nanoparticles at a single-cell level by synchrotron radiation FTIR spectromicroscopy and correlation with X-ray fluorescence microscopy.
Poly-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) is one of the few polymers approved by the US
Food and Drug Administration as a carrier for drug administration in humans;
therefore, it is one of the most used materials in the formulation of polymeric
nanoparticles (NPs) for therapeutic purposes. Because the cellular uptake of
polymeric NPs is a hot topic in the nanomedicine field, the development of
techniques able to ensure incontrovertible evidence of the presence of NPs in the
cells plays a key role in gaining understanding of their therapeutic potential.
On the strength of this premise, this article aims to evaluate the application of
synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (SR-FTIR)
spectromicroscopy and SR X-ray fluorescence (SR-XRF) microscopy in the study of
the in vitro interaction of PLGA NPs with cells. To reach this goal, we used PLGA
NPs, sized around 200 nm and loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs
(PLGA-IO-NPs; Fe₃O₄; size, 10-15 nm). After exposing human mesothelial (MeT5A)
cells to PLGA-IO-NPs (0.1 mg/mL), the cells were analyzed after fixation both by
SR-FTIR spectromicroscopy and SR-XRF microscopy setups. SR-FTIR-SM enabled the
detection of PLGA NPs at single-cell level, allowing polymer detection inside the
biological matrix by the characteristic band in the 1,700-2,000 cm(-1) region.
The precise PLGA IR-signature (1,750 cm(-1) centered pick) also was clearly
evident within an area of high amide density. SR-XRF microscopy performed on the
same cells investigated under SR-FTIR microscopy allowed us to put in evidence
the Fe presence in the cells and to emphasize the intracellular localization of
the PLGA-IO-NPs. These findings suggest that SR-FTIR and SR-XRF techniques could
be two valuable tools to follow the PLGA NPs' fate in in vitro studies on cell
cultures
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