Production and characterization of vegetal and microbiana B-glicosidase and its application for conversion of isoflavonas glicosiladas in isoflavonas agliconas .

Abstract

Resumo: Há evidências de que o consumo de soja beneficia a saúde contribuindo para a prevenção de doenças crônicas devido as isoflavonas presentes nessa leguminosa. Essas isoflavonas têm sido intensamente estudadas devido suas propriedades biológicas, tais como: atividade estrogênica e anti-estrogênica, anti-carcinogênica, antioxidante, antifúngica e anti-hemolítica. A soja possui três tipos de isoflavonas agliconas: daidzeína, genisteína e gliciteína. As mesmas isoflavonas quando glicosiladas são chamadas daidzina, genistina e glicitina. A enzima b-glicosidase é capaz de transformar isoflavonas glicosiladas em agliconas. Há evidências que as isoflavonas glicosiladas não são absorvidas pelo intestino somente as agliconas são absorvidas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar b-glicosidases de fungos filamentosos e b-glicosidase de leguminosas. A partir da extração enzimática foram selecionadas as de maior atividade enzimática, uma enzima de feijão fava(Phaseolus lunatus) com 0,71U/mL e outra enzima de Aspergillus niger com 0,77U/mL. Foi então feita caracterização bioquímica dos extratos brutos enzimáticos. O extrato bruto de feijão fava apresentou pH e temperatura ótimos a pH 5,5 e 60°C, respectivamente. Mostrou-se estável em uma faixa ampla de pH entre 5,0 a 9,0 e temperatura de 40°C a 55°C. O extrato bruto de Aspergillus niger teve pH e temperatura ótimos a pH 5,0 e 60°C, respectivamente. Mostrou-se estável a uma temperatura de 40°C a 55°C e em pH de 4,0 a 9,0. As enzimas, vegetal e microbiana, foram parcialmente purificadas. A b-glicosidase de feijão fava foi purificada 4 vezes em coluna CM-Sepharose com 77,05% de recuperação e atividade específica de 0,18U/mg de proteína. Apresentando 5 bandas na eletroforese SDS-PAGE. A b-glicosidade de A. niger foi purificada 14 vezes em coluna CM-Sephadex C-50 com 2,2%de recuperaçãoe atividade específica de 17U/mg de proteína e apresentou 4 bandas na eletroforese. O estudo da aplicação das enzimas variando o substrato e sua concentração, tempo de reação, tipo e quantidade da enzima para a conversão das isoflavonas glicosiladas em agliconas mostrou-se que todos esses fatores podem influenciar a conversão. Pode-se concluir que enzimas de Phaseolus lunatus e Aspergillus niger convertem isoflavonas glicosiladas (daidzina e genistina) em isoflavonas agliconas (daidzeína e genisteína).Abstract: There are evidences that the consumption of soy products provides benefits that may help prevent against chronic diseases due to the isoflavones present in these seeds. The isoflavones have been intensively studied due to their biological properties, such as: estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activities, anti-carcinogenic, antioxidative, antifungal and antihemolytic activities. The soybeans have three types of isoflavones aglycones: daidzein, genistein and glycitein. In the b-glucosidase form, they become: daidzin, genistin and glicitin. Several workers reported that the enzyme b-glucosidase is able to convert isoflavone glycosides to aglucones. Others artic1es showed that the isoflavone glycosides are not absorbed in the gut, only the aglucones are absorbed. The aim of this work was to study P-glucosidase from filamentous fungus and b-glucosidase from leguminous seeds. It was selected enzymes which had the highest activity, the enzyme from lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus) with 0.71U/mL and other enzyme from Aspergillus niger with 0.77U/mL. The crude extract from lima beans showed optimum activity at pH 5.5 and 60°C, respectively. It's had high thermo stability and pH range of action was between 5.0 and 9.0 and temperature was 40°C to 55°C. The crude extract from Aspergillus niger had maximum activity at pH 5.0 and 60°C and it's also showed high thermo stability at 40°C to 55°C and stable in pH between 4.0 to 9.0. The following steps were purified vegetal and microbial enzymes. The b-glucosidase from lima beans was purified 4 times by CM-Sepharose column and obtained 77.05% of recovered and specific activity of 0.18U/mg of protein. The SDS-P AGE e1ectrophoresis gave 5 bands. The P-g1ucosidase from A.niger was purified 14 times by CM-Sephadex C 50 column and obtained 2.2% of recovered and specific activity of 17U/mg of protein. The electrophoresis gave 4 bands. After that, were studied applications of enzymes measuring the profile of isoflavones: changing the substrate and their concentration, reaction time, type and amount of enzyme to convert isoflavone glycosides in aglucones and were observed that all factors influenced the conversion. In conclusion enzymes from Phaseolus lunatus and Aspergillus niger hydrolyzed the isoflavone glycosides (daidzin and genistin) to yield isoflavone aglucones (daidzein and genistein)

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