Performance of plastic artist in psychiatric environment : the experience of Juqueri in the 50's

Abstract

Esta pesquisa discute a participação dos artistas plásticos Maria Leontina, Clélia Rocha e Moacyr de Vicentis Rocha na formação do Setor de Artes Plásticas dentro do Hospital psiquiátrico de Juqueri, o qual ficou conhecido como Escola Livre de Artes Plásticas em 1956. O estudo de documentos como livros, artigos de jornal, cartas e fotos possibilitaram a identificação e descrição das atividades artísticas nesse setor e a compreensão do diálogo entre saúde e arte promovido dos anos 1930 aos anos 50 pelo médico, intelectual e crítico de arte Osório Thaumaturgo Cesar. As entrevistas realizadas com parentes e amigos do artista Moacyr Rocha e estudiosos do assunto permitiram a construção de uma narrativa sobre a maneira como os artistas compreendiam o trabalho de artes no ambiente hospitalar. Os resultados mostraram a responsabilidade dos artistas na formação do ateliê no espaço hospitalar, pois ao trazerem os materiais mais apropriados para a realização das atividades, ao ensinarem a linguagem do desenho, pintura, gravura, escultura e cerâmica aos alienados, ao instaurarem um espaço expositivo dentro da seção de artes, eles mostraram que a produção dos alienados, incentivada inicialmente por psiquiatras, merecia a atenção e dedicação dos profissionais da arte. Os três artistas focalizados neste estudo reconheceram a importância da experiência de ateliê hospitalar para a sua vida profissional, ao concretizarem a possibilidade de conhecer novos meios de criação artística no espaço do hospital psiquiátrico.This study discusses the participation of the visual artists Maria Leontina, Clélia Rocha and Moacyr de Vicentis Rocha in the Arts Sector inside the Juqueri Psychiatric Hospital, that by 1956 became known as the Escola Livre de Artes Plásticas. This is a documentary study using books, newspaper articles, correspondence and photographs that enabled us to identify and describe the artistic activities that were proposed in this sector. This material also helps us understand how Osório Thaumaturgo César, medical doctor, intellectual and art critic, promoted a dialogue between the fields of art and health from the nineteen thirties through the fifties. Interviews with Moacyr Rochas's relatives and friends and with other researchers studying this period enabled us to build a narrative about how the artists understood the making of art within the hospital context. The results demonstrated the artists' role in the development of the art workshop in the hospital setting. As they brought materials that were more appropriate for visual arts productions, as they taught the patients about the language of drawing, painting, printmaking, sculpture and ceramics, as they established exhibition spaces within the Arts Section, they were able to show that the production of the alienated men and women, which at first had been mainly a concern of psychiatrists, was worth the attention and dedication of arts professionals. The three visual artists focused in this study recognized the importance of the experience of a workshop in the hospital for their professional lives as artists, as they promoted new means of artistic creation within the psychiatric hospital setting

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