Estudo de coorte para vigil??ncia dos fatores de risco cardiovascular em crian??as na aten????o b??sica de sa??de: m??todos e primeiros resultados

Abstract

Conhecer a presen??a de fatores de risco para as doen??as cardiovasculares desde a inf??ncia ?? essencial para orientar pol??ticas de promo????o da sa??de. O objetivo deste artigo ?? apresentar, junto com os principais resultados, uma proposta metod??logica para estimar incid??ncia e preval??ncia, ao longo do tempo, desses fatores e fatores sociodemogr??ficos associados em popula????o assistida em unidade b??sica, integrante do Sistema ??nico de Sa??de do Brasil. Adotou-se o desenho de uma coorte aberta, iniciada em 2004, com amostra de 356 crian??as de 5-9 anos. Na segunda onda, em 2008, 126 crian??as aderiram, e 205 foram reavaliadas. Coletouse dados socioecon??micos, alimentares, de atividade f??sica, antropom??tricos (peso/altura/per??metro da cintura), lipidograma e glicemia. Os resultados apontam alta preval??ncia de dislipidemia, aumento do excesso de peso e de tempo sedent??rio entre ondas. Em 55% das crian??as, os valores de HDL-colesterol foram mais baixos. A proposta metodol??gica apresentada mostrou-se adequada para a vigil??ncia dos preditores das doen??as cardiovasculares em popula????es urbanas carentes.An awareness of the presence of cardiovascular disease risk factors since childhood is essential to guide health promotion policies. The aim of this paper is to present, together with the main results, a methodological proposal to estimate both incidence and prevalence of these factors over time and their associated socio-demographic aspects in a population attending a primary health care unit, within Brazilian Unified National Health System. An open cohort design was adopted, starting in 2004 with a sample of 356 children aged between 5 and 9. In the second wave, in 2008, 126 children were enrolled and 205 were reevaluated. Socioeconomic variables, food intake, physical activity, anthropometric measures (weight, height and waist size), lipidogram and glycemia were collected. Results indicate a high prevalence of dyslipidemia, and an increase of excess weight and sedentary activity between both surveys. Some 55% of children were found to have lower values of HDL-cholesterol. The methodological proposal was considered adequate for the monitoring of cardiovascular disease predictors in poor urban populations