Cognitive development of premature children at school age: a proposal for a hierarchical model to investigate risk factors

Abstract

O d??ficit cognitivo ?? a sequela do neurodesenvolvimento mais prevalente na popula????o de prematuros de muito baixo peso. Poucos s??o os trabalhos nacionais sobre o desenvolvimento desta popula????o na idade escolar. Este estudo prop??e uma discuss??o te??rica sobre os fatores determinantes do desenvolvimento cognitivo na idade escolar de prematuros de muito baixo peso ao nascer, utilizando o modelo hierarquizado de an??lise. Neste modelo, fatores biol??gicos e ambientais se relacionariam em diversos n??veis: distal, intermedi??rio e proximal, resultando em altera????es no desenvolvimento cognitivo. Pretende-se, desta forma, aprofundar a quest??o das media????es poss??veis das vari??veis e suas inter-rela????es e consequentes eventos que podem levar ao desfecho. Para a sele????o dos fatores de risco foi realizada uma revis??o da literatura sobre fatores associados a resultados cognitivos desfavor??veis. Pressup??e-se que o melhor conhecimento das inter-rela????es destes fatores auxiliaria na preven????o e interven????o mais adequada nesta popula????o, aumentando suas chances de inclus??o escolar e social.Cognitive impairment is a neurodevelopmental sequela that is more prevalent in very low birth weight (VLBW) premature children. There are few Brazilian studies on this group's cognitive development at school age. The current study proposes a theoretical discussion on the determinants of cognitive development at school age in VLBW preterm children, using a hierarchical analytical model. According to this model, biological and environmental factors interrelate on several levels (distal, intermediate, and proximal), resulting in changes in cognitive development. The aim is to investigate the possible mediation of variables and their interrelationships and the resulting events that could lead to cognitive impairment as the outcome. Selection of risk factors was based on a literature review of factors associated with adverse cognitive outcomes. Better understanding of the interrelationships between these factors could lead to more appropriate prevention and intervention in this group, thereby increasing their chances of educational and social inclusion

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