Dynamic of cooling and quality of soybean seeds

Abstract

A aera????o de sementes de soja, com ar ambiente frio, tem sido usada a varias d??cadas, e seus benef??cios na manuten????o da qualidade s??o bem conhecidos. Mais, recentemente a aera????o com ar frio produzido por resfriadores vem ganhando aceita????o principalmente em regi??es em que a area????o com ar ambiente frio n??o ?? poss??vel. O resfriamento de sementes de soja com ar frio natural ou produzido artificialmente ?? uma etapa muito importante para a manuten????o da qualidade fisiol??gica das sementes. Apesar dos seus benef??cios dentro do processo de produ????o de sementes, o potencial e a flexibilidade da tecnologia de refrigera????o de sementes n??o tem sido totalmente explorada pelos sementeiros. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da aera????o com ar resfriado na qualidade fisiol??gica de sementes de soja ap??s um per??odo de armazenamento a temperatura ambiente. O trabalho foi desenvolvido na COODETEC em Cascavel no Paran??, com a cultivar CD 212RR. Ap??s a colheita e beneficiamento das sementes, uma por????o de 73 sacas foi resfriada por 53 minutos com a insufla????o de ar frio, at?? atingir 15??C, usando um resfriador. Outra por????o de 67 sacos foi ensacada sem ser resfriada. Ambas as por????es foram armazenadas em dois blocos separados, mas sob as mesmas condi????es de ambiente, por oito meses. Amostras de sementes dos dois tratamentos foram retiradas a cada dois meses e encaminhadas ao Laborat??rio de Analise de Sementes da Coodetec para testes de germina????o em rolo de papel, germina????o em areia, envelhecimento acelerado e teste de primeira contagem. A an??lise de vari??ncia mostrou signific??ncia entre os tratamentos avaliados. No teste padr??o de germina????o, para o tratamento com resfriamento de sementes, ap??s oito meses de armazenamento apresentou apenas tr??s pontos percentuais de redu????o na germina????o, baixando de 88% para 85%. Enquanto que tratamento sem o resfriamento antes do ensaque a germina????o caiu 28 pontos percentuais, baixando de 88% para 60%.The aeration of soybean seeds with cold air has been used in several decades, and its benefits in maintaining quality are well known. Recently, the aeration with cold air produced by cooling units is gaining acceptance, particularly in regions where the aeration with cold ambient air is not possible. The chill of soybean seeds with naturally or artificially produced cold air is a very important step for maintaining the physiological quality of seeds. Despite its benefits within the process of seed production, the potential and flexibility of the cold treatment of seed has not been fully exploited by seed makers. The objective of this work is evaluate the effects of aeration with air conditioning on physiological quality of soybean seeds after a period of conventional storage. The study was conducted at COODETEC in Cascavel - Paran??, with the cultivar CD 212RR. In this work, a portion of 73 bags was cooled for 53 minutes with cold air inflation to reach 15 ?? C using a cooling unit. Another portion of 67 bags were stored without the cooling process. Both portions were stored for eight months in two separate blocks, but under the same environmental conditions. Seed samples of the two portions were taken every two months and sent to the COODETEC Laboratory of Seed Analysis for germination tests using the following methods: paper test, sand germination, accelerated aging germination and the first count germination. The analysis of variance showed significant differences between the treatments. In the standard germination test applied after eight months of storage, the cold-treated seeds showed only three percentage points reduction in germination, down from 88% to 85%. In the samples without cold treatment, the germination dropped 28 points before bagging , down from 88% to 60%. It demonstrates the benefits of cold treatment of soybean seeds, in order to maintaining the physiological quality of seeds

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