歐美花卉生產自動化

Abstract

歐美地區花卉園藝事業發達，設施栽培技術精進，園藝資材充裕，尤其設施資材規格化、實用化，放之四海而皆準，購買使用及維護皆十分方便。生產自動化之運作極富前瞻性，整合了園藝作物生產之知識及工業自動化機械設備兩者相輔相成。 花卉生產種苗生產十分專業化，高投資的播種機，精密溫室及科學化的栽培管理及種苗貯藏技術形成高效率、高品質育苗作業系統。球根生產著重種球品質管制，調整、貯運及出貨。在花卉栽培生產之溫室種類與結構，歐洲花卉生產溫室主要有兩型，一為芬諾Venlo，另一為大跨距Wide span型，美國則大部分為大跨距Wide span型，近來發展成改良型增強抗風性。溫室內之設備注重溫度、相對溼度、人工光源及施肥澆水枝控制管理。同時花卉產品之集貨貯藏設施及運輸使用自動化運輸系統，達到植物工廠之境界。 歐美花卉生產自動化是透過長年努力達到合理化、科技化、企業化，由種苗生產、栽培生產、貯運系統形成連貫性專業生產系統，造就了整個蓬勃花卉產業。Flower industry is well developed in Europe and USA. Protected-structure culture and horticultural facilities are prosperous. It is very convenient to purchase and maintain facilities due to uniform and practical design. Both horticultural production technique and automatic machine match together processing automation of production proserously. Efficient and good quality nursery handing and much investment. Bulb production is emphasized on quality control, bulb treatment, stotage and shipping. Greenhouses for flower production are divided by Venlo and wide span types in Europe, and wide span was conducted. Temperature control, relative humidity monitor, articial light supplement, fertilization, watering system facilities are well installed in greenhouses. Moreover, the automation of handling and shipping for flower product make approach to plant factory. Through struggles for many years, consequently, reasonable, scientific, commerical automation of flowe production is well done. The connection of nursery production, cultivation and postharvest handling on flower production make the flower industry prosperous in Europe and USA