A two-step approach to the conversion of organosolv, kraft and sugarcane bagasse lignin to monoaromatic
compounds of low oxygen content is presented. The first step consists of lignin depolymerization
in a liquid phase reforming (LPR) reaction over a 1 wt% Pt/γ-Al2O3 catalyst at 225 °C in alkaline ethanol–
water. The first LPR step resulted in a decrease in lignin molecular weight of 32%, 57% and 27% for organosolv,
kraft and bagasse lignin, respectively. GC analysis of the depolymerized lignin reaction mixture
furthermore showed the formation of alkylated phenol, guaiacol and syringol-type products in 11%, 9%
and 5% yields from organosolv, kraft and bagasse lignin, respectively. The lignin-oil that was isolated by
extraction of the ethanol–water solution was subjected to a subsequent hydrodeoxygenation (HDO)
reaction in the second conversion step. HDO of the lignin-oil was performed in dodecane at 300 °C
under 50 bar hydrogen pressure over CoMo/Al2O3 and Mo2C/CNF catalysts. GC analysis of the product
mixture obtained after the two-step LPR–HDO process revealed the formation of, amongst others,
benzene, toluene, xylenes and ethylmethylbenzenes. Of the total observed monomeric products (9%),
25% consisted of these oxygen-free products. Notably, such products cannot be obtained by direct HDO
of lignin. HDO of the lignin-oil at 350 °C resulted in the conversion of all tris-oxygenated products, with
57% of the observed monomeric products now identified as mono-oxygenated phenolics
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