<サーヴェイ論文>知識論証 --その歴史と展望

Abstract

本稿はフランク・ジャクソンの「知識論証」の歴史を叙述するサーヴェイ論文である。この論証をめぐる論戦の展開を時系列に沿って追う。知識論証と物理主義をめぐる問題は心の哲学において最も議論されているテーマのひとつである。多くの研究者が多くの意見を提出しているため、論戦の状況を整理する必要がある。本稿は主要な見解を網羅的に紹介することを目指す。本稿ははじめに知識論証の内実を紹介する。次に、この論証をめぐる論争の歴史をサーヴェイするが、その際に時代を三つに区切り、ジャクソン、チャーチランド、ルイスらが活躍する論争初期、ライカンやチャルマーズが参戦する論争中期、ジャクソンが「転向」した後の近年の論争をそれぞれ詳細に叙述する。The objective of this article is to give an inclusive description of the history of the controversy over one of the most well-known anti-physicalist arguments, the Knowledge Argument. Ever since this argument was presented by Frank Jackson in 1982, many philosophers and scientists have criticized it in many ways. The author tries to cover all the important responses to the argument without giving any support to a particular position. The article is divided into two sections. Section 1 introduces and formulates the Knowledge Argument and explains its core idea. It will be pointed out that the argument is based on an apparently natural intuition that any amount of scientific knowledge cannot comprehend the subjective aspects of mental experiences. Section 2 surveys the controversy around the argument by diachronically taking up the main objections and replies. It contains detailed expositions of the Ability Response, the Acquaintance Analysis, the Old-Fact/New-Way Strategies, the New-Fact Strategy and Jackson's recent position

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