This paper describes the two main approaches to modern conservation of species and
habitats. It shows how the protection of species and habitats can be complemented by
conservation through use of biodiversity and ecosystem services. The latter approach has
socioeconomic advantages but is also more complex and requires new tools to assist its
implementation. We show that appropriate tools are being developed, as concepts within
international conventions and through design of an internet system for decisionsupport to
all levels of society, from landmanager to national governments and beyond
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