THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY TO THE CONCEPTUALIZATION OF (DIS)INTEGRATION OF SOCIETY

Abstract

Doprinos sociološke teorije u razumijevanju i konceptualizaciji problematike (dez)integracije društva osnovni je tematski okvir ove rasprave. Rad je podijeljen u dva dijela. Prvi dio rada razmatra doprinose klasika sociologije u rasvjetljavanju procesa (dez)integracije društva. Ističe se da su Durkheim, Simmel i Weber u okviru svojih teorija ukazali na različite dimenzije društvenosti neophodne za razumijevanje tog procesa, ali da je disparatnost njihovih teorijskih pristupa dovela do nastanka redukcionističkih objašnjenja (dez)integracije u okviru suvremenih socioloških pristupa. Drugi dio rada raspravlja o naporima suvremenih autora da prevladaju spomenuti problem. Raspravlja se ulozi koju je D. Lockwoodova distinkcija između sistemske i socijalne integracije imala u tom pokušaju, te o načinima na koje su A. Giddens, J. Habermas i N. Mouzelis iskoristili tu distinkciju kako bi stvorili primjerenije teorijsko-konceptualne okvire za sociološko razumijevanje i eksplikaciju procesa konstitucije, integracije, transformacije i dezintegracije društvenog života. Zaključuje se da je analitičko razlikovanje pojmova sistemske i socijalne integracije nužno za adekvatnu eksplikaciju spomenutih procesa jer ukazuje da njih simultano oblikuju pritisci proizašli iz stanja normativne i institucionalne strukture društvenog poretka, ali i reakcija koje na takvo stanje imaju akteri i kolektiviteti različitih interesa i identiteta.The contribution of sociological theory in understanding and conceptualizing the issue of (dis)integration of society is the thematic framework of this discussion. This paper is divided in two parts. The first part considers contributions of classical sociology in clarifying the process of (dis)integration of society. It emphasizes that Durkheim, Simmel and Weber have pointed out, within their theories, different dimensions of sociability necessary for understanding the process of (dis)integration, and that disparity of theoretical approaches of Classical authors has brought to the reductionist understanding of (dis)integration process in contemporary sociological approaches. The second part deals with the effort of the contemporary authors to overcome the reductionism mentioned above. It discusses the role that D. Lockwood's distinction on the systematic and social (dis)integration had in that attempt, and the ways in which A. Giddens, J. Habermas and N. Mouzelis used that distinction in order to create more appropriate theoretical–conceptual frameworks for sociological understanding and explication of the process of constitution, integration, transformation and disintegration of social life. The conclusion is that analytical distinction of the system and social integration is necessary for adequate explication of the mentioned processes. Such analytical distinction points out that these processes are simultaneously shaped by the pressure which arises from the state of normative and institutional structure of the social order and the reaction which users and collectives of different interest and identity have on that state