Cytokine in Collagen Diseases(Neuro-Immuno-Endocrinology)

Abstract

Cytokine has an important role on the regulation of immune response and contribute to induction and perpetuation of collagen diseases, one of the autoimmune diseases. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) characterized by various kinds of autoantibodies production. In vitro production of IL-1 and IL-2 by lymphocytes is decreased and IL-6 and IL-10 is increased. Increased expression of IL-6 receptor induce high responsiveness of SLE B cells to IL-6. Therefore B cells from SLE proliferate and differentiate into antibody producing cells and result in autoantibody production. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammation of synovium. Lymphocytes and macrophages infiltrated in synovium and synovial cells themselves produce IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 and TNFα, so called inflammatory cytokines. Synovial cells activated and proliferated by cytokines produce prostaglandin E2 and collagenase and induce chondrocyte destruction. Activated B cells produce rheumatoid factor, of which immune complexes enhance the inflammation. Neutrophiles migrated by cytokines into joint space release lisosomal enzyme and activate lymphocytes. Furthermore metaroprotease produced by neutrophiles affect on chondrocytes. The mechanism of the production and regulation of these cytokines are most important to understand collagen diseases and treat them