A physically based crack softening approach to modelling the failure of brittle
materials that have been subjected to dynamic loading is presented and applied
to a two-dimensional non-linear transient dynamic hydrocode. It is assumed that
there are a number of evenly distributed and orientated micro flaws within the
brittle material that are activated by a dynamically applied stress. Modes I and
II stress intensity factors are calculated and compared to critical values, at
which point the cracks grow at a velocity dependent on mode I stress intensity
factor. The strength of the ceramic is degraded according to the length of the
cracks. A simulation of a steel sphere impacting and penetrating a ceramic
target at 1500 m/s is presented. Comparisons are drawn from experimental data
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