Introduction: Clinical anesthesia and analgesia

Abstract

Less than 10 years ago it was stated at international conferences that the use of analgesics after osteosynthesis in birds was questionable for 2 reasons: 1) we did not understand the mechanism of action of analgesics administered to avian species, and 2) the potential benefit of analgesia was considered a disadvantage (i.e., a bird should not use its operated limb immediately after the surgical procedure). Today, I feel these statements would receive general objection by the veterinary community