Tissue culture in the oil palm business is generally concerned with the multiplication
(clonal production) of dura, pisifera and tenera palms. These are all normal diploids
(2n=2x=36). Sumatra Bioscience has pioneered haploid tissue culture of oil palm
(n=x=18). Haploid oil palm is the first step in producing doubled haploid palms
which in turn provide parental lines for F1 hybrid production. Chromosome doubling
is known to occur during embryogenesis in other haploid cultures, e.g. barley anther
culture. Haploid tissue cultures in oil palm were therefore set up to investigate and
exploit spontaneous chromosome doubling during embryogenesis. Flow cytometry of
embryogenic tissue showed the presence of both haploid (n) and doubled haploid (2n)
cells indicating spontaneous doubling. Completely doubled haploid ramets were
regenerated suggesting that doubling occurred during the first mitoses of
embryogenesis. This is the first report of doubled haploid production in oil palm via
haploid tissue culture. The method provides a means of producing a range of doubled
haploids in oil palm from the 1,000 plus haploids available at Sumatra Bioscience, in
addition the method also produced doubled haploid (and haploid) clones.
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