Influence of different disease control pesticide strategies on multiple pesticide residue levels in apple

Abstract

Seven pesticide application strategies were investigated to control apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) and powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha) and, at the same time, fulfil the new quality standards implemented by some German retailers. These demand that pesticide residues should be below 80 % of European Maximum Residue Levels (EU MRL) and that the number of residues present at levels above 0.01 mg kg–1 should be limited to a maximum of four.The strategies fulfilled the requirement to use combinations of different active substances in order to prevent the emergence of resistance to pesticides. The trials were conducted at two sites in Switzerland, in 2007, and all strategies and applications were in accordance with actual practice. Four replicates of apple samples from each strategy were then analysed for pesticide residues. The incidence of infection with apple scab and powdery mildew were monitored during the season in order to evaluate the efficacy of the different strategies. The efficacies of the different strategies against apple scab and powdery mildew were between 84 % and 100 % successful. In general, the level of pesticide residues found correlated with application rate and time, and no measured residue level exceeded the EU–MRL. The numbers of residues present at> 0.01 mg kg–1 were between two and five. Pesticides are widely used during the production offruits, vegetables, and cereals. In apple production, fungicides and insecticides are used both pre- and post-harvest to protect the fruit from a range of pests an