Il sistema delle prestazioni e la sicurezza nella gestione del traffico aereo europeo

Il sistema delle prestazioni aeree è diretto a migliorare l’efficienza dei servizi di navigazione aerea e le funzioni di rete nel cielo unico europeo nei quattro ambiti prioritari relativi all’ambiente, la capacità, l’efficienza dei costi e la sicurezza. In linea con gli obiettivi vincolanti stabiliti a livello unionale, gli Stati membri sono tenuti a redigere dei piani di miglioramento delle prestazioni aeree, da sottoporre ad approvazione della Commissione europea. L’analisi si concentra, in particolar modo, sulla sicurezza, intesa come safety, che necessita di un elevato livello di protezione mediante l’applicazione di regole uniformi e condivise

Preliminary results on the long-term operation of RPCs with eco-friendly gas mixtures under irradiation at the CERN Gamma Irradiation Facility

Since 2019, a collaboration between researchers from various institutes and experiments (i.e., ATLAS, CMS, ALICE, LHCb/SHiP and the CERN EP-DT group) has been operating several RPCs with diverse electronics, gas gap thicknesses and detector layouts at the CERN Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF++). The studies aim at assessing the performance of RPCs when filled with new eco-friendly gas mixtures in avalanche mode and in view of evaluating possible aging effects after long high background irradiation periods, for example, high-luminosity LHC phase. This challenging research is also part of a task of the European AidaInnova project. A promising eco-friendly gas identified for RPC operation is the tetrafluoruropropene (C3H2F4, commercially known as HFO-1234ze) that has been studied at the CERN GIF++ in combination with different percentages of CO2. Between the end of 2021 and 2022, several beam tests have been carried out to establish the performance of RPCs operated with such mixtures before starting the irradiation campaign for the aging study. Results of these tests for different RPCs layouts and different gas mixtures, under increasing background rates are presented here, together with the preliminary outcome of the detector aging tests

Total Cost of Ownership and Evaluation of Google Cloud Resources for the ATLAS Experiment at the LHC

The ATLAS Google Project was established as part of an ongoing evaluation of the use of commercial clouds by the ATLAS Collaboration, in anticipation of the potential future adoption of such resources by WLCG grid sites to fulfil or complement their computing pledges. Seamless integration of Google cloud resources into the worldwide ATLAS distributed computing infrastructure was achieved at large scale and for an extended period of time, and hence cloud resources are shown to be an effective mechanism to provide additional, flexible computing capacity to ATLAS. For the first time a total cost of ownership analysis has been performed, to identify the dominant cost drivers and explore effective mechanisms for cost control. Network usage significantly impacts the costs of certain ATLAS workflows, underscoring the importance of implementing such mechanisms. Resource bursting has been successfully demonstrated, whilst exposing the true cost of this type of activity. A follow-up to the project is underway to investigate methods for improving the integration of cloud resources in dataintensive distributed computing environments and reducing costs related to network connectivity, which represents the primary expense when extensively utilising cloud resources

A partially rated interlinking converter with distributed energy storage for active power sharing in DC microgrids

Partially rated dc interlinking converters are recognized for their high-gain power regulation capabilities, which effectively synergize active power across dc microgrids (DCMGs). Integrating energy storage units (ESUs) to address the intermittent nature of renewables in DCMGs has become an enhanced requirement for these converters. This article proposes a partially rated multiport interlinking converter (PMIC) that incorporates a distributed ESU. The PMIC controls a floating voltage and a bidirectional shunt current on the dc line, ensuring full galvanic isolation for the ESU while operating at a low dc-link voltage. It regulates multidirectional power flow and balances power during peak and off-peak periods. A decentralized droop-based power flow control strategy is proposed for the PMIC, which distributes renewable energy generation, load consumption, and ESU utilization proportionally across the system. The control strategy includes two tailored continuously differentiable activation functions, Sigmoid and hyperbolic tangent, to facilitate autonomous global power-sharing and seamless ESU engagement. Simulation and experimental case studies confirm the PMIC's capability to smooth renewable energy fluctuations and enhance the power and voltage profiles of DCMGs

La tutela della salute come diritto della persona e interesse della collettività nella Costituzione italiana.Genesi e attuazione dell'art. 32 Cost.: un quadro introduttivo

Il saggio si sofferma sulla genesi dell'art. 32 Cost. in assemblea costituente e sulle principali cause che ne hanno ritardato l'attuazione sul piano legislativo ed amministrativo

The Role of IVUS in Coronary Complications

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is an essential tool in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of coronary artery disease. In daily practice, IVUS is particularly useful for plaque characterization, optimizing stent implantation, and identifying the cause of in-stent restenosis. In acute coronary syndromes, it helps to detect culprit lesions that are not clearly visible on angiography and plays a key role in the diagnostic algorithm for myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA). Additionally, IVUS is frequently used in complex and calcified lesions to guide optimal plaque modification strategies and improve procedural and long term outcomes. Beyond these common applications, IVUS is crucial in managing coronary complications, such as coronary dissection, perforation, intramural hematoma, and side-branch occlusion. In these challenging cases, IVUS allows us to overcome some of the limitations of angiography. This review explores the role of IVUS in bail out situations, offering practical tips and techniques for navigating coronary complications and improving procedural success in a safer and more refined manner

Cognitive Biases in Accounting Judgment and Decision Making: A Review, a Typology, and a Future Research Agenda.

Cognitive biases, i.e. systematic patterns of deviation from rationality, significantly affect accounting judgment and decision making (such as misinterpreting financial data), leading to adverse consequences for businesses, organisations, and society. Despite widespread acknowledgment of these effects in behavioural accounting research, there is a noticeable absence of a comprehensive review of cognitive biases. We reviewed 139 accounting articles dealing with cognitive biases in accounting judgment and decision making. We organise the literature according to the impact of cognitive biases among audit, financial accounting, and management accounting disciplines and related tasks. In doing that, we provide a typology of biases in accounting judgment and decision making considering their different antecedents – namely, easy attribution biases, emotional-driven biases, and frame dependence biases. Moreover, a future research agenda is proposed. This includes exploring overlooked biases, studying biases that may positively impact specific tasks, examining interactions and conflicts between biases, and exploring the interaction between professionals and supporting technologies (e.g. Artificial Intelligence) in understanding cognitive biases’ study, formation, and reduction

The Physiatrist in Intensive Care: Role, Tasks, and Critical Issues in a Clinical Case Report Analysis

Background: Disorders of Consciousness (DoC) following acute brain injuries, such as intracerebral hemorrhage, present significant clinical challenges in intensive care and rehabilitation settings. Early multidisciplinary interventions, including physiatric care, are critical in optimizing recovery trajectories. However, evidence regarding the timing and intensity of rehabilitation interventions remains limited. This case report highlights the role of physiatrists in managing a critically ill patient with a DoC in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU), focusing on early rehabilitation strategies and individualized care planning. Case presentation: A 63-year-old male with a history of hypertension and cardiac disease presented with a left hemispheric hemorrhage and quadriventricular intraventricular hemorrhage. The patient was admitted to the ICU in a comatose state (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] 5). Initial physiatric evaluation revealed a critical condition precluding immediate initiation of an Individual Rehabilitation Project (IRP). Over subsequent weeks, clinical improvements were observed, including an increased GCS and Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) score. A tailored IRP was implemented, emphasizing passive mobilization to prevent complications such as muscle atrophy, joint contractures, and pressure ulcers. The patient demonstrated gradual progress, transitioning to a Minimally Conscious State (MCS) and achieving improved joint mobility and reduced peripheral edema. Discussion and Conclusions: This case underscores the pivotal role of physiatrists in ICU settings, particularly for patients with DoC. Early physiatric interventions, even in critically ill patients, can prevent secondary complications and facilitate functional recovery. Close collaboration with ICU teams and infectious disease specialists ensured the safe implementation of rehabilitation strategies despite the patient's severe condition. The observed clinical improvements highlight the potential benefits of early mobilization and individualized care plans, both in terms of survival (quoad vitam) and quality of life (quoad valetudinem). This report emphasizes the need for further research to refine rehabilitation practices for patients with DoC, bridging gaps between acute care and neurorehabilitation

Toward a Theranostic Approach for the Brain Tumor Toxicity Profile of Polymer-Shelled Microbubbles

The establishment of theranostic devices by combining multimodal real-time intraoperative imaging for brain tumor surgery with targeted drug delivery may provide therapeutic advantages for patients with malignant gliomas. Our group has recently developed a new generation of novel microbubbles (MBs), with an air core and a crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) shell, called PVA MBs. The PVA MB surface was engineered to support near-infrared (NIR) imaging with a fluorescence probe (C790) for the surgical microscope. The attachment to a cyclic pentapeptide containing the RGD sequence promotes active adhesion and direct targeting of endothelial tumor integrins. The conjugation of temozolomide (TMZ), an alkylating chemotherapy proven to be effective against malignant gliomas, provides a unique therapeutic advantage. The potential toxicity of this novel technology was assessed in rats by intravenous injections of two doses of naked MBs and MBs equipped with RGD for targeting tumor integrins, NIR fluorescence (CF790) for real-time visualization, and TMZ as a cytotoxic component, at two time points, 10 min and 7 days, for potential acute and chronic responses in rats [(1) MB, (2) MB-C790-RGD, and (3) MB-C790-RGD-TMZ]. No mortality occurred during the 7-day study period in any of the dosing groups. Decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit levels and increased triglyceride levels were noticed in the high-dose naked MBs and MBs-CF790-RGD groups. These findings may be associated with their enlarged spleen and liver, observed during necropsy. Histopathology examination in the high-dose animals showed the development of treatment-related changes seen mostly 7 days post dosing, consisting of granulomatous inflammation and foreign body reaction. Accordingly, we concluded that the low-dose tested items appeared to be safe. The results allow us to proceed with planning for an efficacy study before making the first attempt to use this technology in clinical practice