Teachers' self-efficacy beliefs about trauma-informed education practices

This study situated preservice teacher self-efficacy beliefs within the context of trauma-informed education practices. The study aimed to validate a measure of teacher self-efficacy for trauma-informed practice as a key component of research on the effectiveness of trauma-informed practice. Using confirmatory factor analysis, the psychometric properties of results supported three conceptually distinct factors of trauma-informed education practice: self-efficacy to recognize and realize the importance and impact of trauma in classrooms, to utilize strategies that are responsive to the needs of students impacted by trauma, and to apply their own strategies for managing the wellbeing and resiliency demands that commonly impact teachers working with students who have experienced traumatic stressors. Future directions suggest recommendations and strategies to increase self-efficacy beliefs within teacher education and training in addition to supporting teachers through whole-of-school approaches toward trauma-informed education implementation

Innovative dual-gene delivery platform using miR-124 and PD-1 via umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and exosome for glioblastoma therapy

Addressing the challenges of identifying suitable targets and effective delivery strategies is critical in pursuing therapeutic solutions for glioblastoma (GBM). This study focuses on the therapeutic potential of microRNA-124 (miR-124), known for its tumor-suppressing properties, by investigating its ability to target key oncogenic pathways in GBM. The results reveal that CDK4 and CDK6—cyclin-dependent kinases that promote cell cycle progression—are significantly overexpressed in GBM brain samples, underscoring their role in tumor proliferation and identifying them as critical targets for miR-124 intervention. However, delivering miRNA-based therapies remains a major obstacle due to the instability of RNA molecules and the difficulty in achieving targeted, efficient delivery. To address these issues, this research introduces an innovative, non-viral dual-gene delivery platform that utilizes umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UMSCs) and their exosomes to transport miR-124 and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1). The efficacy of this dual-gene delivery system was validated using an orthotopic GBM model, which closely mimics the tumor microenvironment seen in patients. Experimental results demonstrate that the UMSC/miR-124-PD-1 complex and its exosomes successfully induce apoptosis in GBM cells, significantly inhibiting tumor growth. Notably, these treatments show minimal cytotoxic effects on normal glial cells, highlighting their safety and selectivity. Moreover, the study highlights the immunomodulatory properties of UMSC/miR-124-PD-1 and its exosomes, enhancing the activation of immune cells such as T cells and dendritic cells, while reducing immunosuppressive cells populations like regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. The orchestrated dual-gene delivery system by UMSCs and exosomes showcased targeted tumor inhibition and positive immune modulation, emphasizing its potential as a promising therapeutic approach for GBM

Contextualising the 2025 Indonesian Protests: Authoritarian Statism, Militarisation, and the Crisis of Social Reproduction

Indonesia’s success in building democratic institutions and sustaining economic growth has been punctured by the recent widespread protests in August 2025. Much ink has been spilled over the intra-elite conflicts and institutional dysfunction that have sparked the protests. Yet, little is understood: why did it take this form? Why are economic issues so prominent at this point of time despite the fact that income inequality has dramatically increased in the past few years? This essay seeks to better understand the root of the protest, which is linked to the crisis-ridden nature of the neoliberalisation process driven by a shifting geopolitical economy that has gradually increased levels of political disincorporation and normalised the authoritarian turn. We argue that it is precisely the authoritarian and coercive shift in state institutions and the failure of the political management of disincorporated classes of labour that provide the structural context for the Indonesian protests. Using the framework of authoritarian statism we argue that Indonesia exemplified an intensified state control over socio-economic life – with ostensible democratic institutions, that serves to exclude subordinate groups from formal and informal political channels. It is the failures of these mediating institutions that fuel protests and provoke an even more intense authoritarian reaction

Associations between non-anaemic iron deficiency and outcomes following elective surgery for colorectal cancer: a prospective cohort study*

BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency is present in up to 75% of patients presenting for colorectal cancer surgery. It is unclear whether iron deficiency without anaemia is associated with worse postoperative outcomes. We hypothesised that, in adults without anaemia undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer, iron deficiency would be associated with worse postoperative outcomes relative to an iron-replete state. METHODS: We performed a prospective, observational study, recruiting adults (aged ≥ 18 y) without anaemia who were undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer in 16 hospitals across Australia and Aotearoa/New Zealand. Anaemia was defined as a haemoglobin concentration < 130 g.l-1 for men and < 120 g.l-1 for women. Iron deficiency was defined primarily as transferrin saturation < 20%. The primary endpoint was days alive and at home on postoperative day 90. The primary endpoint analysis was adjusted for surgical risk based on recruiting institution; sex; Charlson comorbidity index; CR-POSSUM score; surgical approach; and requirement for neoadjuvant therapy. RESULTS: Of 420 patients, 170 were iron deficient and 250 were iron replete. The median (IQR [range]) days alive and at home in the iron-deficient group was 84.0 (80.7-85.9 [0-88.2]) days and in the iron-replete group was 83.1 (78.7-85.1 [0-88.9]) days. The unadjusted difference in medians between groups was 0.9 (95%CI 0-1.8, p = 0.047) days and the adjusted difference was 0.9 (95%CI 0-1.80, p = 0.042) days, favouring the iron-deficient group. CONCLUSIONS: In adult patients without anaemia undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer, iron deficiency defined by transferrin saturation < 20% was not associated with worse patient outcomes and appeared to be associated with more days alive and at home on postoperative day 90

Population-Based Normative Reference for Retinal Microvascular Atlas

OBJECTIVE: To establish the normative range of a comprehensive set of retinal vascular measurements to better understand their value as biomarkers for assessing ocular and systemic health. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: The study included 10 151 healthy participants from the UK Biobank. METHODS: Retina-based Microvascular Health Assessment System software was used to extract retinal vascular measurements, including caliber, complexity, density, branching angle, and tortuosity, differentiating between arteries and veins and between the macula and retinal periphery. In addition, we explored relationships between those measurements and health metrics, including age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), body mass index, glycated hemoglobin, and intraocular pressure. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We reported the population normative range for 114 retinal vascular measurements, further stratified by sex and age. RESULTS: The mean values of central retinal artery equivalent and central retinal vein equivalent (CRVE) were 152 (standard deviation = 14.9) μm and 233 (21.5) μm, respectively. The mean value of fractal dimension (FD) was 1.77 (0.032), with arterial FD 1.53 (0.039) and venular FD 1.56 (0.025). Age and SBP showed the strongest associations with most retinal parameters among health metrics. Central retinal artery equivalent, CRVE, density, and complexity decreased with increasing age and SBP. Changes in arterial measurements with age and SBP were generally greater than those in venous measurements. Generalized additive models further revealed that observed associations were mainly linear. CONCLUSIONS: By establishing population normative data for a comprehensive set of retinal vascular measurements, our study enables quantifiable approaches to better understand retinal vascular changes. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURES: Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article

The status of care for youth with type 1 diabetes within and coming from humanitarian crises settings: a narrative review

BACKGROUND: Humanitarian crises bring unique, and potentially growing challenges to people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). We aimed to determine, in youth with T1D (mean age (± 1SD) 0-17.9 years) within and coming from humanitarian crises settings (HCS), the reported prevalence that meet international consensus targets for glycaemic, blood pressure and lipid management, and incidence of severe hypoglycaemia or diabetic ketoacidosis. METHODS: A narrative review of quantitative data was conducted, using a systematic process. MEDLINE (Ovid), Global Health, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, CINAHL, APA PsycINFO, Cochrane trials, and the reference lists of eligible records were searched (January 2014-February 2024); ten records covering ten separate studies were retrieved. RESULTS: Glycaemic management was consistently suboptimal in HCS. However, among individuals coming from HCS, glycaemia varied. Across both groups, data relating to blood pressure, lipids, severe hypoglycaemia or diabetic ketoacidosis were either unavailable or limited. CONCLUSION: Findings expose the dearth of data relating to defined youth with T1D within and coming from HCS, leaving the status of this population largely uncharacterised. With limited data indicating suboptimal T1D management, there is a pressing need for the development of a consensus guideline on, and core indicators relating to such youth within and coming from HCS, plus monitoring systems and outcome data

Extracellular vesicles contribute to the beneficial effects of exercise training in APP/PS1 mice

Exercise improves cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease (AD) via mechanism that are not fully clear. Here, we first examined the effect of voluntary exercise training (VET) on energy metabolism and cognitive function in the APP/PS1 transgenic mouse (Tg) model of familial AD. Next, we profiled extracellular vesicles (EVs) and examined whether they may play a role in the protective effects of VET via intranasal administration of EVs, purified from the blood of sedentary (sEV) and/or acutely exercised (eEV) donor wild-type mice into APP/PS1Tg mice. We show that VET reduced resting energy expenditure (REE) and improved cognition in APP/PS1 Tg mice. Administration of eEV, but not sEV, also reduced REE, but had no effect on cognition. Taken together, these data show that exercise is effective intervention to improve symptoms of AD in APP/PS1Tg mice. In addition, eEVs mediate some of these effects, implicating EVs in the treatment of age-related neurodegenerative diseases

Landscape-scale drivers of spatial dynamics and genetic diversity in an emerging wildlife pathogen

Aquatic pathogens often cannot tolerate drying, and thus their spread, and diversity across a landscape may depend on interactions between hydrological conditions and the movement of infected hosts. The aquatic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is a nearly ubiquitous pathogen of amphibians and particular lineages have been associated with host declines. By coupling amphibian surveys with molecular pathogen detection and genotyping techniques, we characterized the spatial dynamics and genetic diversity of Bd on a landscape containing both permanent and ephemeral ponds. In doing so, we aimed to clarify how pathogen loads and prevalences vary across seasons and among habitat types, and which host species move the pathogen from place to place. At the start of spring breeding, Bd prevalence was lower on amphibians sampled from ephemeral ponds. For the remainder of the amphibian active season, prevalence was similar across both ephemeral and permanent ponds, with variation in prevalence being well-explained by a hump-shaped relationship with host body temperature. The first amphibians to arrive at these ephemeral ponds infected were species that breed in ephemeral ponds and likely emerged infected from terrestrial hibernacula. However, species from permanent ponds, most of which hibernate aquatically, later visited the ephemeral ponds and these animals had a greater prevalence and load of Bd, suggesting that migrants among ponds and pond types also move Bd across the landscape. The Bd we sampled was genetically diverse within ponds but showed little genetic structure among ponds, host species, or seasons. Taken together, our findings suggest that Bd can be diverse even at small scales and moves readily across a landscape with help from a wide variety of hosts

Advancing Land Administration Systems Design – Key Parameters Driven from Global Initiatives

© 2025 Fatemeh Jahani ChehrehbarghLand Administration Systems (LASs) are integral to economic stability, social equity, and environmental sustainability. They enable efficient land governance by recording rights, restrictions, and responsibilities (RRRs), thereby facilitating transactions, preventing conflicts, and promoting sustainable management. The Land Administration Domain Model (LADM), an ISO standard, provides a foundational framework for developing LASs, offering flexibility and alignment with international land governance initiatives. However, LADM requires extension to integrate critical parameters such as indigenous rights, informal rights, women’s rights, and valuation, which are essential for addressing contemporary global challenges and aligning with frameworks like the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Framework for Effective Land Administration (FELA), and the New Urban Agenda (NUA). This research presents a comprehensive framework for modernizing LAS through the extension of the LADM. The study addresses a critical gap in current land administration practices by developing a systematic approach to incorporating parameters derived from global initiatives. This work is particularly significant given that between 2011 and 2018, only 25.4% of adults in 33 surveyed countries possessed legally recognized land documentation, highlighting the urgent need for more inclusive and effective land administration systems. The research methodology adopts a multi-phase approach, beginning with an extensive document analysis of ten prominent global initiatives, including the SDGs, FELA, NUA, Fit-for-Purpose Land Administration (FFP-LA), and Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure (VGGT). This analysis reveals critical parameters that modern land administration systems must address. The extracted parameters are systematically categorized into governance, operational environment, and sustainability dimensions, providing a structured framework for understanding contemporary land administration requirements. The governance dimension encompasses legal frameworks, institutional arrangements, and policy mechanisms, while the operational environment focuses on technical infrastructure and system functionality. The sustainability dimension addresses economic, social, and environmental considerations essential for long-term system viability. Using Indonesia as a case study, the research employs the Digital Government Readiness Assessment (DGRA) framework to systematically evaluate current land administration challenges. This analysis uncovers significant issues, including regulatory gaps, inefficient registration processes, and resource constraints. With approximately 126 million land parcels and a high number of unmapped land titles, Indonesia provides an ideal context for studying the challenges faced by developing nations in modernizing their land administration systems. The findings provide valuable insights into the practical challenges of implementing modern land administration systems in developing countries and inform the development of the extended LADM. The research then progresses through conceptual and logical model development phases, where the identified parameters are integrated into an extended LADM framework. This extension introduces new data elements and relationships that enhance LADM's capacity to address contemporary challenges in land administration. The model includes specific attributes for gender-sensitive land rights management, indigenous land rights documentation, and informal settlement registration. Special attention is paid to maintaining the model's core structure and principles while introducing these new elements. The extension also addresses valuation and taxation aspects, introducing comprehensive frameworks for managing these critical components of land administration. The technical implementation is accomplished through PostgreSQL with PostGIS extension, enabling the management of both spatial and non-spatial data within a unified framework. This implementation phase involved several key steps, including the conversion of UML diagrams to DDL specifications, the refinement of database relationships, and the development of complex queries to validate system functionality. The implementation demonstrates how theoretical concepts can be successfully translated into practical, functioning systems while maintaining data integrity and system performance. To validate the practical applicability of the extended model, the research demonstrates its implementation through a series of complex queries and real-world scenarios. These include analyzing gender-based land ownership patterns, mapping indigenous land rights, and managing informal settlements. The validation process includes specific test cases, such as identifying women-owned parcels by their NIB (Land Parcel Identification Number) and analyzing the spatial distribution of indigenous land rights within a 25-meter radius of selected parcels. These tests confirm the model's enhanced capabilities in handling diverse land rights and governance practices while maintaining data integrity and system performance. Key contributions include the development of a comprehensive methodology for identifying and incorporating global parameters into land administration frameworks. This methodology provides a structured approach to ensuring that land administration systems remain aligned with evolving international standards and best practices while maintaining their effectiveness at the local level. The extension of LADM to address previously underrepresented aspects of land administration represents a significant advancement in land administration modeling, demonstrating how traditional models can be adapted to address contemporary social and cultural considerations while maintaining their technical rigor. The research also provides valuable guidance for implementing modern land administration systems, particularly in developing countries facing similar challenges to Indonesia. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of considering social, cultural, and environmental factors in land administration system design. The integration of these considerations into technical frameworks represents a significant evolution in land administration thinking, moving beyond purely technical solutions to address broader societal needs. This holistic approach ensures that land administration systems not only function efficiently but also serve the diverse needs of all stakeholders, particularly marginalized communities. Future research directions are identified, including the integration of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and blockchain, the development of 3D cadasters, and the exploration of cross-jurisdictional implementations. Beyond technological advancements, emphasis should be placed on strengthening governance frameworks to ensure transparency, equity, and inclusion, as well as developing adaptable land-use policies that address socio-economic changes and climate resilience. These directions underscore the dynamic nature of land administration and the necessity for continuous adaptation to global challenges and opportunities. Furthermore, ongoing monitoring and evaluation are essential to ensure that land administration systems remain responsive to evolving societal needs, environmental pressures, and technological advancements. Emphasis could be placed on strengthening governance frameworks to ensure transparency, equity, and inclusion, alongside developing adaptable land-use policies that address socio-economic changes and climate resilience. These directions indicate the dynamic nature of land administration and the need for continuous adaptation to emerging challenges and opportunities. The research also highlights the importance of ongoing monitoring and evaluation to ensure that land administration systems continue to meet evolving societal needs and technological capabilities