Photocatalysis and adsorption coupling in S-scheme K and P doped g-C3N4/GO/MgFe2O4 photocatalyst for enhanced degradation of Congo red dye

Photocatalysis is an environmentally friendly approach for harnessing solar light to degrade pollutants. This study investigates the degradation of Congo red (COR) dye by a visible light-active photocatalyst, with a primary focus on the efficiency and reusability of the photocatalytic material. We synthesized phosphorus- and potassium-doped graphitic carbon nitride photocatalysts attached to graphene oxide and MgFe2O4 (KPCN/GO/MgFe2O4). Doping graphitic carbon nitride enhanced light absorption, while graphene oxide improved the adsorption properties. The addition of magnetic MgFe2O4 enhanced charge separation and reusability. The KPCN/GO/MgFe2O4 composite was analyzed using a range of techniques. The activity of the synthesized materials for Congo red (COR) dye degradation was analyzed under visible light. The photocatalytic activities of bare, binary, and ternary photocatalysts were compared, and KPCN/GO/MgFe2O4 exhibited the highest photoactivity among all. The KPCN/GO/MgFe2O4 photocatalyst (60 mg) showed a 76% removal efficiency for 5 x 10-6 M Congo red within 60 min, which was 2.5 times higher than that of pure graphitic carbon nitride. The OH and O2- were the major reactive species during COR photodegradation. The photocatalyst also displayed good reusability after five cycles, enhancing its overall effectiveness.King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah [486-130-1440]; Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) at King Abdulaziz University, JeddahThis Project was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, under grant no. G: 486-130-1440. The authors, therefore, acknowledge with thanks DSR for technical and financial support

Ultrasound Doppler renal pulsatility index is a predictive marker of arterial stiffness in children with solitary functioning kidney

Introduction: Patients with solitary functioning kidney (SFK) have glomerular hyperfiltration, hypertension, proteinuria and impaired renal function resulting in microvascular atherosclerotic abnormalities. This condition leads to an increase in arterial stiffness. In this study, we aimed to investigate the usefulness of noninvasive renal Doppler ultrasonography hemodynamic parameters in demonstrating arterial stiffness in pediatric patients with SFK. Methods: The study included 59 children aged 6-18 years who were diagnosed with SFK. Demographic, biochemical, anthropometric, and blood pressure data were recorded. The renal Doppler ultrasound hemodynamic parameters renal resistive index (RRI), renal pulsatility index (RPI), carotid femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), central augmentation index (cAIx) and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) were evaluated. Results: Eighteen (30.5%) cases with acquired SFK and 41 (64.5%) cases with congenital SFK were detected. Central augmentation indices were higher in children with congenital SFK than in children with acquired SFK (p = 0.038). CkiDeGFRSCrCysC was lower in patients with acquired SFK (p = 0.011). LDL cholesterol levels were higher in children with acquired SFK (p = 0.018). We found a significant correlation between RPI and cfPWV with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.321 and a statistically significant p value of 0.013. Conclusion: Congenital SFK is associated with increased microvascular atherosclerotic burden. RPI assessment with renal Doppler ultrasound may be a noninvasive method to identify arterial stiffness

Nano-hydroxyapatite as an efficient adsorbent for cadmium Removal: Experimental and theoretical insights

The presented work aims to investigate the cadmium adsorption on nano-crystalline hydroxyapatite (n-Hap). X ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques were applied to characterize the n-Hap. Adsorbent mass, pH value, and initial Cd2+concentration were varied to optimize the adsorption conditions. The best Langmuir adsorption isotherm provided equilibrium adsorption capacity of 52.79 mg/g. According to performed kinetic study, the surface reaction fits to the pseudo-second order model. Thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption (Delta G degrees, Delta H degrees and Delta S degrees ) were derived from the temperature dependence of the adsorption rates. We observed spontaneous endothermic chemisorption of Cd2+ ions. Density functional theory calculations confirmed the spontaneous chemisorption via formation of three Cd-O covalent bonds of about 2.1 & Aring; lengths.Sivas Cumhuriyet Uni-versity Scientific Research Projects CommissionThe present study was partly supported by Sivas Cumhuriyet Uni-versity Scientific Research Projects Commission. The authors have declared no conflict of interest

Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Algılanmış Stres Seviyeleri ve Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışlarının İncelenmesi

The general purpose of our study was designed to examine the perceived stress levels and healthy lifestyle behaviors of students studying at the university. The population of the study consisted of 422 male and female students studying at the School of Physical Education and Sports, Education, Engineering, Health and other departments (dialysis, patient elderly care, paramedic, health services, health management) at Siirt University in the 2023-2024 academic year. While the personal information form was used to determine the sociodemographic information of the students, the Healthy Lifestyle Behavior Scale was used to determine their health-related behaviors, and the Perceived Stress Scale was used to determine their stress levels. SPSS 21.0 package program was used for the analysis. Since the data showed a normal distribution, T Test was used for two independent groups and One way Anova test was used for comparisons between more than two groups. When there was a difference between the groups, Tukey test, which is one of the post hoc tests, was used to determine in which of the more than two variables the difference was calculated. As a result, it was determined that there were negative and positive relationships between the perceived stress levels and healthy lifestyle behaviors of the university students who participated in the study, and while there were no significant differences in terms of age, gender, class level and accommodation with the sub-dimension of healthy lifestyle behaviors (p>.05), there were significant differences in terms of the frequency of exercise (pÖz Çalışmamızın genel amacı Üniversitede öğrenim gören öğrencilerin algılanmış stres seviyeleri ve sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarının incelenmesi için tasarlanmıştır. Araştırma evrenini Siirt Üniversitesinde 2023-2024 eğitim-öğretim döneminde beden eğitimi ve spor yüksekokulu, Eğitim, mühendislik, Sağlık ve diğer bölümlerde (diyaliz, hasta yaşlı bakım, paramedik, sağlık hizmetleri, sağlık yönetimi) öğrenim gören kız-erkek toplam 422 kişi oluşturmaktadır. Veriler elde edilirken öğrencilerinden sosyodemografik bilgilerini belirlemek için kişisel bilgi formu kullanılırken, sağlıkla ilgili davranışlarının belirlenmesinde Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranış Ölçeği, stres düzeylerinin belirlenmesi için Algılanan Stres Ölçeğinden yararlanılmıştır. Analizlerin elde dilmesinde SPSS 21.0 paket programı ile elde edilmiştir. Veriler normal bir dağılım gösterdiğinden bağımsız iki grup için T Testi, İkiden fazla gruplar arası karşılaştırmalarda ise tek yönlü (One way) Anova testi kullanılmıştır. Gruplar arasında fark olduğunda ikiden fazla değişkende farklılığın hangilerinde olduğunu belirlemek için post hoc testlerden olan Tukey testi kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak çalışmaya katılan üniversite öğrencilerinin algılanmış stres seviyeleri ile sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları arasında negatif ve pozitif yönlü ilişkilerin olduğu, sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları alt boyutu ile yaş, cinsiyet, sınıf düzeyi ve barınma yerleri yönünden anlamlı fark olmazken (p>.05), egzersiz yapma sıklığı yönünden anlamlı farkların olduğu belirlendi (

Sosyal Uyum Sürecinde Sporun Rolü: Mülteci Olimpiyat Takımı Örneği

Sport helps refugees to overcome adaptation problems and facilitates economic, political, socio-cultural and psychological adjustment in the country of asylum. This study analysed the interviews given on the International Olympic Committee website by 36 refugee athletes who qualified for the Refugee Olympic Team, which was created with the support of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and will take part in the Paris 2024 Olympic Games. The study was conducted using qualitative research methods and findings were obtained through document analysis. The results of the study show that refugee athletes easily complete their economic, political, socio-cultural and psychological adaptation processes in the countries in which they seek asylum. The aim of the research is to raise awareness of the need to encourage professionals working with refugees, asylum seekers and migrants to use sport as an effective tool to overcome the adaptation problems of this disadvantaged group.Spor ise mültecilerin uyum sorunlarını daha kolay atlatmalarına yardımcı olarak sığınılan ülkede ekonomik, politik, sosyokültürel ve psikolojik uyum süreçlerini kolaylaştırmaktadır. Bu çalışma da Uluslararası Olimpiyat Komitesi (IOC)’nin destekleriyle kurulan Mülteci Olimpiyat Takımında mücadele etmeye hak kazanan ve 2024 Paris Olimpiyat Oyunlarına katılan 36 mülteci sporcunun Uluslararası Olimpiyat Komitesinin internet sitesine vermiş olduğu röportajlar incelenmiştir. Nitel araştırma yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilen çalışmada doküman analizi ile bulgular elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgular mülteci sporcuların sığındıkları ülkelerde ekonomik, politik, sosyokültürel ve psikolojik uyum süreçlerini kolay bir şekilde tamamladıklarını göstermektedir. Araştırmanın amacı ise mülteciler, sığınmacılar ve göçmenlerle sosyal hizmet uygulamaları yapan meslek elemanlarının dezavantajlı durumda olan bu kesimin uyum sorunlarının üstesinden gelebilmesi için sporu etkili bir araç olarak kullanmalarına teşvik edilmesi konusunda farkındalık oluşturmaktır

Examınatıon Of The Qualıty Of Lıfe Of Women Enterıng Menopause In The Early And Normal Age Range

Giriş: Menopozal dönemdeki kadınlara verilen bakımın daha etkin ve bütüncül olabilmesi için ise sadece menopozun normal yaş aralığında değil aynı zamanda normal yaş aralığından sapması halinde de yaşam kalitesinin bundan nasıl etkileneceğinin belirlenmesi gereklidir. Amaç: Bu araştırma erken ve normal yaş aralığında menopoza giren kadınların yaşam kalitelerinin incelenmesi amacıyla tanımlayıcı olarak yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırma 16 Ekim 2019-16 Ocak 2020 tarihleri arasında Sivas il merkezinde bulunan normal ya da erken menopoz tanısı konmuş 100 kadın ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma verileri, Kişisel Bilgi Formu ve Menopoza Özgü Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Araştırma verilerinin değerlendirilmesinde SPSS (ver:23.0) programı kullanılmıştır. Verilerin normal dağılıp dağılmadığını belirlemek için Kolmogorov-Smirnov testi kullanılmıştır. Güvenirlik analizi ile ölçek ve alt boyutlarının Cronbach alpha katsayısı hesaplanmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin değerlendirilmesinde tanımlayıcı istatistik testleri ile sayı ve yüzdelik dağılımlar; T testi, Mann Whitney U testi, Kruskal Wallis H testi, Pearson Korelasyon analizi, ki kare analizi, Regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Kadınların menopoz gruplarına göre yaş, eğitim düzeyi, kronik hastalık öyküsü, düzenli egzersiz yapma durumu, sigara kullanma durumu, günlük kullanılan sigara ve son zamanlarda yaşamı etkileyen bir olay öyküsü arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık saptanmıştır (pBackground: In order for the care given to women in the menopausal period to be more effective and holistic, it is necessary to determine how the quality of life will be affected not only in the normal age range of menopause, but also in case it deviates from the normal age range. Objective: This study was conducted as descriptive to examine the quality of life of women who entered menopause in the early and normal age range. Methods:The study was conducted between October 16, 2019 and January 16, 2020 with 100 women diagnosed with normal or early menopause. Research data were obtained using the individual diagnostic form and the menopause-specific quality of life scale. The SPSS (ver:23.0) program was used to evaluate research data. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine whether the data was distributed normally. The cronbach alpha coefficient of the scale and its sub-dimensions was calculated by the reliability analysis. Number and percent distributions with descriptive statistical tests in the evaluation of research data; T test, Mann Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis H test, Pearson Correlation analysis, Chi square analysis, regression analyses analysiswere used. Results:A statistically significant difference was found between the age, education level, chronic disease history, regular exercise status, smoking status, daily smoking, and a recent life-affecting event history of the women (

Dose-Dependent Pulmonotoxic Effects of Favipiravir in Rats Biochemical and Histopathological Evaluation

Background and Objective: Favipiravir is associated with more serious side effects at higher doses. This experimental study proposed to investigate the effect of favipiravir on dose-dependent lung toxicity in rats biochemically and histopathologically. Materials and Methods: The rats were divided into four groups as healthy (HG), 100 mg/kg favipiravir (FAV-100), 200 mg/kg favipiravir (FAV-200) and 400 mg/kg favipiravir (FAV-400). Favipiravir 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg doses were administered by oral gavage to the other groups except HG. To the HG group, only distilled water (0.5 mL) was applied in the same way. This procedure was repeated twice a day for a week. Then, the rats were euthanised with high-dose anaesthesia and lung tissues were removed. Oxidative stress parameters such as malondialdehyde (MDA), Total Glutathione (tGSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) were examined. After the one-way ANOVA, the Tukey's post hoc test was performed. Results: Favipiravir dose-dependently increased MDA and TOS also decreased tGSH, SOD and TAS in rat lung tissue. As favipiravir was given in increasing doses, it was easier to observe the changes between the different groups. This was also supported by the histopathological data. Histopathologically, interstitial pneumonia and lymphoid hyperplasia were mild in the 100 mg/kg favipiravir group, severe at high doses. Conclusion: As the dose of favipiravir increased, oxidant levels increased and antioxidant levels decreased in the lung tissue. In line with these results, it was observed that favipiravir caused a dose-dependent pulmonotoxic effect in rats.Scientific Research Projects of Erzincan Binali Yildirim University (BAP) [TDK-2022-849]This study was supported by the Scientific Research Projects of Erzincan Binali Yildirim University (BAP) with the project number TDK-2022-849

The effect of KWLA-Plus strategy on the reading, reading comprehension and writing skills of 4th grade primary school students

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı; KWLA-Plus (Bil-İste-Öğren-Duygu-Özetleme) tekniğinin, İlkokul 4. sınıf öğrencilerinin okuma, okuduğunu anlama ve yazma becerileri üzerine etkisini belirlemektir. Çalışmada karma araştırma modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın nicel verileri Okuma-Yazma Değerlendirme Bataryası (OYAB) ile elde edilmiş. Nitel araştırma verileri ise görüşme formları ile elde edilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu uygun örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, 2022-2023 eğitim-öğretim yılında ilkokul dördüncü sınıfta öğrenim gören 26 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Görüşmeler ise deney grubunda yer alan 13 katılımcı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen nicel veriler SPSS 21 programı kullanılarak, Mann Whitney U testi ve Wilcoxon işaretli sıralar testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler ise içerik analizine tabi tutulmuş ve MAXQDA 2023 programıyla analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda KWLA PLUS stratejisinin; öğrencilerin "anlamlı sözcük okuma", "anlamsız sözcük okuma", "fonetik analiz", "metin okuma", "toplam okuma becerileri" ne yüksek düzeyde etki ettiği sonucuna; "okudukları metinle ilgili soruları doğru cevaplama", "cümlenin anlam bilimsel olarak doğruluğunu belirleme", "boşluğu cümlelerdeki anlambilimsel ipuçlarından yola çıkarak doldurma", "toplam anlama becerileri" ne de yüksek düzeyde etki ettiği sonucuna ve "dikte ile sözcük yazma" ve "bakarak sözcük yazma" becerilerinin gelişimi üzerinde yüksek düzeyde; "gösterilen ve olay anlatan resimlerle ilgili yazılan metnin içerik özelliklerini" artırmada ve "birleşik yazma becerilerini" geliştirmede orta düzeyde etkili olduğu; "gösterilen ve olay anlatan resimlerle ilgili metin yazma" becerileri ve "yazdıkları bu metinlerin biçimsel özellikleri" üzerinde bir etkisi olmadığı görülmüştür. Görüşme verilerinden elde edilen sonuçlara göre, öğrencilerin KWLA-Plus stratejisiyle gerçekleştirilen dersleri eğlenceli buldukları, keyif aldıkları ve kendilerini mutlu hissettikleri ifade edilmiştir. Ayrıca, bu strateji sayesinde tüm öğrencilerin metinleri daha iyi anladıkları belirtilmiştir. Anahtar Sözcükler: KWL stratejisi, okuma, anlama, yazmaThe primary aim of this study is to determine the impact of the KWLA-Plus (Know-Want-Learn-Affect-Summarize) technique on the reading, reading comprehension, and writing skills of 4th-grade primary school students. A mixed-method research design was employed in the study. Quantitative data were collected using the Reading-Writing Assessment Battery (RWAB), while qualitative data were obtained through interview forms. The study group was determined using a purposive sampling method, comprising 26 fourth-grade students during the 2022-2023 academic year. Interviews were conducted with 13 participants from the experimental group. The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software, employing the Mann-Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Qualitative data obtained from the interviews were subjected to content analysis and analyzed using MAXQDA 2023 software. The results of the study indicate that the KWLA-Plus strategy had a significant impact on students' "meaningful word reading," "non-meaningful word reading," "phonetic analysis," "text reading," and "overall reading skills." Additionally, the strategy was found to have a significant positive effect on "answering questions about the text accurately," "determining the semantic accuracy of sentences," "filling blanks in sentences based on semantic cues," and "overall comprehension skills." It also had a substantial effect on improving "word writing through dictation" and "word writing by observation." However, its effect on enhancing "content features of texts written based on shown or narrative images" and "integrated writing skills" was moderate, and it had no significant effect on "writing texts based on shown or narrative images" and "formal features of the texts written by students." The qualitative findings revealed that students found the lessons conducted with the KWLA-Plus strategy enjoyable, fun, and made them feel happy. Furthermore, it was stated that this strategy helped all students better comprehend texts

Teaching reasoning strategies to dyscalculic students with low working memory level1

Dyscalculic students believe they need to memorize mathematical facts. This is due to their inability to think flexibly and their lack of knowledge about the possibility of performing operations by structuring numbers. So, the aim of this study is to teach dyscalculic students to use reasoning strategies. The study employed an instructional experiment, a research design that enables the investigation of how mental processes evolve in student-friendly learning environments. Six fifth-grade middle school dyscalculic students participated. Before the implementation, we observed that none of the students employed reasoning strategies. Over a six-week period, the application included activities aimed at teaching reasoning strategies for dyscalculic students. The implementation resulted in students' ability to understand the relationships between numbers in addition and subtraction operations and employ various strategies during these operations. This result suggests that applying appropriate interventions to dyscalculic students can lead to significant progress and the acquisition of reasoning strategies

Borik asidin C6 glioma hücrelerinde glutamat eksitotoksisitesine karşı koruyucu etkinliğinde oksidatif stresin rolü

This study designed to investigate the biochemical changes in glial cells' oxidant/antioxidant systems in response to glutamate-induced excitotoxicity of boric acid (BA). The present study employed C6 glial cells. For the study, cells were separated into 4 groups as control, glutamate (10mM), glutamate+BA (0,23; 0,46; 0,93; 1,87 and 3,75 μg/mL), and BA (0,23; 0,46; 0,93; 1,87 and 3,75 μg/mL). The control group was not treated. The cells in the glutamate group were treated with 10 mM glutamate for 24 hours. BA was administered one hour prior to the addition of glutamate and incubated for 24 hours. The viability of the cells was evaluated using an XTT assay. Commercial kits were used for biochemical analyses. Significance was set at less than 0.05. The biochemical analysis revealed that the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide snythase (iNOS), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and total oxidant status (TOS) were elevated in the glutamate group compared to the control group (p<0.05). It was detemined that BA treatment resulted in a statistically significant reduction in these levels compared to the glutamate group. (p<0.05). The levels of SOD and TAS were found to decrease in the glutamate group and to increase with BA pretreatment (p<0.05). The results demonstrated that BA exhibited protective effects on glial cells against glutamate exposure. Furthermore, BA was observed to exert its neuroprotective effect by increasing the antioxidant defense mechanism and reducing oxidative and nitrosative stress. © 2025, Turkish Energy, Nuclear and Mining Research Agency. All rights reserved