Executive protocol designed for new review study called: systematic review and artificial intelligence network meta-analysis (RAIN) with the first application for COVID-19

Artificial intelligence (AI) as a suite of technologies can complement systematic review and meta-analysis studies and answer questions that cannot be typically answered using traditional review protocols and reporting methods. The purpose of this protocol is to introduce a new protocol to complete systematic review and meta-analysis studies. In this work, systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-analysis network based on selected AI technique, and for P < 0.05 are followed, with a view to responding to questions and challenges that the global population is facing in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, it is expected that conducting reviews by following the proposed protocol can provide suitable answers to some of the research questions raised due to COVID-19

Shifting Landscapes in Early Childhood Education

Change occurs in young children’s lives as a matter of course. Healthy children grow and develop (Berk, 2012). They make multiple horizontal transitions daily, for example moving from mealtime to play, and navigate major vertical transitions, such as starting school (Kagan and Neuman, 1998). Children experience changes to their routines at home when their parents make adaptations to working practices (Kim, 2020; Snyder, Rech, Masuda and Dinkel, 2021), and they experience new approaches to curriculum and pedagogy at first hand in their settings (Manning, Thirumurthy and Field, 2012; Murray, 2017; Yang, Xu, Liu and Li, 2022). When educators leave early childhood education (ECE) settings, it is children who must adjust to new educators. Whilst ECE educators may move to new settings for their professional development in strong workforce systems, in weaker systems educators’ dissatisfaction results in the ECE workforce attrition that results in change for children (Nutbrown, 2021). War wreaks havoc in children’s lives, often displacing them from their homes and the carers and educators they know (Korp and Stretmo, 2020). In recent decades, the pace and variety of change in young children’s environments, including their experiences of ECE, have increased exponentially, affecting young children’s lives in many different ways (Clark, 2022). While young children appreciate novel experiences (Murray, 2022), they also thrive on continuity and routine (Clark, 2022; Zigler and Kagan, 1982); balance may therefore be important. In this short critique of some of the shifting landscapes in ECE, I discuss ways the field is transforming at the macro-policy level, before considering some of the changes experienced by children and adults who care for them

Evaluating the impact on Adolescents’ mental health and wellbeing: a United Kingdom inner city resilience schools programme

Background: This paper explores the impact on the adolescents involved in an independent second phase evaluation of a resilient schools’ programme undertaken during 2019 in inner city London borough within the United Kingdom. It was designed and implemented with the aim of educating adolescents about mental health using the following hypothesis. Hypothesis: How effective is the resilient schools’ programme in assisting adolescents develop resilience? Methods and Methodology: A total of twelve (12) schools engaged in the second phase evaluation, using a mixed method design. Quantitative surveys, a qualitative focus group and mental health awareness courses were utilised in this evaluation. Results: The quantitative analysis established that with age, social media connectedness scores increased as did the adolescents’ scores on three mental health and well-being subscales. The mental health workshops reported significant improvements in mental health knowledge and understanding. Personal confidence and an increased ability to support both themselves and others was also reported. The peer-led workshops assisted the adolescents in being significantly more likely to consider mental health a normal part of their everyday life. The qualitative analysis generated three themes: understanding and knowledge of resilience, improved mental health and resilience and engagement in strategies for support. The adolescents interviewed unanimously believed they had benefitted from resilience training, supporting the hypothesis. Discussion/Conclusion: The programme and its interventions may be beneficial in supporting the prevention of mental health issues among adolescents with good levels of wellbeing and resilience, and beneficial in providing targeted intervention among those reporting low mental health and wellbeing

Birthing outside the guidelines: a qualitative study of student midwives' experiences

Background Choice in childbirth is not a new concept, yet it has been suggested that few service-users have a genuine choice about birth. Existing research has explored midwives' experiences of caring for service users birthing outside guidelines, but nothing is known about student midwives' experiences. This study's aim was to explore student midwives' experiences of caring for women giving birth outside the guidelines. Methods A generic qualitative approach was used, and purposive sampling recruited five student midwives from a university in east England. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analysed thematically. Results The three themes were ‘contradictions’, focusing on the incongruity identified in the narratives, ‘the actions of clinicians’ illustrated by clinician behaviour witnessed by the participants and ‘punishment and judgement’, which outlines the treatment of service users who gave birth outside the guidelines. Conclusions Students can be exposed to inapt clinicians' behaviours, with the failure to protect and advocate for service users leaving them feeling anxious and potentially burnt out. Midwives should act as role models, so future midwives are aware this behaviour is not conducive to person-led care

Prevalence of Hookah Smoking and Its Associated Factors among Undergraduate Engineering Students of Khwopa College of Engineering, Nepal

Background: Hookah smoking, also known as water pipe smoking, is an emerging trend that is gaining popularity globally, especially among youth and college students. It has been referred to as a global tobacco epidemic by public health officials and identified as an emerging threat to public health. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study with systematic sampling was conducted. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Collected data were entered, and analysis was done using SPSS IBM version 26. Results: The overall prevalence of hookah smoking was found to be 38.7%, with a mean age of 17.92 years. The analysis indicated that sex and faculty of respondents were significantly associated with hookah smoking. In this study, male participants were 2.44 times more likely to be involved in hookah smoking compared to female participants (OR=2.449, 95% CI=1.026–0.848). Participants in the electrical engineering faculty were 4.84 times more likely to smoke hookah than participants in the computer engineering faculty (OR=4.844, 95% CI), and participants in the civil engineering faculty were 2.58 times more likely to smoke hookah than participants in the computer engineering (OR=2.583, 95% CI). Conclusion: The cross-sectional study with systematic sampling conducted among undergraduate engineering students at Khowpa College of Engineering revealed that hookah smoking was more prevalent among male participants than female participants. Hence, an awareness program is needed to be planned and implemented among engineering students, with a special focus on male students

Advanced Sentiment Analysis for Managing and Improving Patient Experience: Application for General Practitioner (GP) Classification in Northamptonshire : Application for General Practitioner (GP) Classification in Northamptonshire

This paper presents a novel analytical approach for improving patients' experience in healthcare settings. The analytical tool uses a classifier and a recommend management approach to facilitate decision making in a timely manner. The designed methodology comprises of 4 key stages, which include developing a bot to scrap web data while performing sentiment analysis and extracting keywords from National Health Service (NHS) rate and review webpages, building a classifier with Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA), analyzing speech with Python, and using Microsoft Excel for analysis. In the selected context, a total of 178 reviews were extracted from General Practitioners (GP) websites within Northamptonshire County, UK. Accordingly, 4764 keywords such as "kind", "exactly", "discharged", "long waits", "impolite staff", "worse", "problem", "happy", "late" and "excellent" were selected. In addition, 178 reviews were analyzed to highlight trends and patterns. The classifier model grouped GPs into gold, silver, and bronze categories. The outlined analytical approach complements the current patient feedback analysis approaches by GPs. This paper solely relied upon the feedback available on the NHS' rate and review webpages. The contribution of the paper is to highlight the integration of easily available tools to perform higher level of analysis that provides understanding about patients' experience. The context and tools used in this study for ranking services within the healthcare domain is novel in nature, since it involves extracting useful insights from the provided feedback

Between Innovative and Habitual Behavior. Evidence from a Study on Sustainability in Greece, Poland, Portugal, Sweden, and the United Kingdom

In this article, we explore individuals' pro-environmental innovative behavior (PEIB) as one of the conditions for developing more sustainable cities. We assume that energy-efficient sustainable cities are those where people behave sustainably. Hence, studying the conditions of human behavior is essential for understanding the transformation of cities. We focused on individual antecedents of pro-environmental innovative behavior with a survey conducted in five European countries and a sample of 2502 participants. Descriptive and correlation statistical analyses confirm a moderate relationship between environmental awareness and environmental action. Based on this rudimentary analysis, we suggest further research on city energy transformation, including multiple aspects of individual behavior

Global prevalence of sleep disorders during menopause: a meta-analysis

Background Sleep disorders are conditions that have long-term effects on health, quality of sexual function, productivity at work, and overall quality of life. Considering that reports on menopausal sleep disorders are heterogeneous, the aim of this research was to determine the global prevalence of sleep disorders during menopause by meta-analysis. Methods PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, WoS, ScienceDirect, and Embase databases were checked with suitable keywords. All screening stages of articles were reviewed based on PRISMA and their quality was determined based on STROBE. Data analysis, examination of heterogeneity, and publication bias of factors affecting heterogeneity were performed in CMA software. Results The overall prevalence of sleep disorders among postmenopausal women was 51.6% (95% CI: 44.6–58.5%). The upper prevalence of sleep disorders was among postmenopausal women at 54.7% (95% CI: 47.2–62.1%). The upper prevalence of sleep disorders in the same population category was related to restless legs syndrome with a prevalence of 63.8% (95% CI: 10.6–96.3%). Conclusion In this meta-analysis, sleep disorders during menopause were found to be common and significant. Therefore, it is recommended that health policymakers offer pertinent interventions in relation to the health and hygiene of sleep for women in menopause

AMA: An Ageing Task Migration Aware for High Performance Computing

The Dark-Silicon challenge poses a design problem for future many-core systems. As a result of this, several techniques have been introduced to improve the number of processing elements that can be powered on. One of the techniques employed by many is Task Migration. In this paper, An Ageing Task Migration Aware for High-Performance Computing (AMA) is proposed to improve the lifetime of nodes. The proposed method determines which clusters applications are mapped to and, migrates high-demand tasks amongst nodes to improve the lifetime at every epoch. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art techniques by more than 10%

Effects of eccentric resistance training on lower-limb passive joint range of motion: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Substantial increases in joint range of motion (ROM) have been reported following eccentric resistance training, however between-study variability and sample size issues complicate the interpretation of the magnitude of effect. PubMed, Medline and SPORTDiscus databases were searched for studies examining the effects of eccentric training on lower-limb passive joint ROM in healthy human participants. Meta-analysis used an inverse-variance random-effects model to calculate the pooled standardised difference (Hedge's g) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Meta-analysis of 22 ROM outcomes (17 studies; 376 participants) revealed a large increase in lower-limb passive joint ROM (g = 0.86 [CI = 0.65, 1.08]). Subgroup analyses revealed a moderate increase after 4-5 weeks (g = 0.63 [0.27, 0.98]), large increase after 6-8 weeks (g = 0.98 [0.73,1.24]), and moderate increase after 9-14 weeks (g = 0.75 [0.03, 1.46]) of training. Large increases were found in dorsiflexion (g = 1.12 [0.78, 1.47]) and knee extension (g = 0.82 [0.48, 1.17]), but a small increase in knee flexion was observed (g = 0.41 [0.05, 0.77]). A large increase was found after isokinetic (g = 1.07 [0.59, 1.54]) and moderate increase after isotonic (g = 0.77 [0.56, 0.99] training. These findings demonstrate the potential of eccentric training as an effective flexibility training intervention and provide evidence for 'best practice' guidelines. The larger effect after isokinetic training despit