Breast Milk Application as a Natural Method for Umbilical Cord Care: A Community-Label 3-Arm Pilot Clinical Trial

Abstract Objective To compare the effects of human breast milk with those of chlorhexidine and the dry method on umbilical cord separation in Ethiopia. Methods This open-label 3-arm nonrandomized pilot clinical trial was conducted among 45 neonates (15 in each arm) with more than 630 home visits. After a standard cord cut, human breast milk, chlorhexidine, or nothing was applied once per day for 7 days. The primary outcome was the duration of cord separation, while the secondary outcomes were umbilical cord infection, neonatal fever, jaundice, feeding and breathing difficulty, and persistent crying. Results There were statistically significant differences in the time-to-cord separation between the human breast milk group and the chlorhexidine ( P 0.001) and dry alone ( P 0.038) groups. Compared to those of chlorhexidine, the rates of cord separation among human breast milk and the dry-alone group were 16.02, with 95 confidence intervals (3.81, 37.43 P 0.001) and 3.15 (0.99, 10.00 P 0.052), respectively. One (6.7 ) cord site infection was observed in the dry-alone groups only. Conclusion This community-label study indicated that human breast milk application significantly shortened the length of umbilical cord separation time compared to chlorhexidine and dry methods. A large-scale randomized controlled trial is needed to confirm these results. Registration PACTR202310902873290 https //pactr.samrc.ac.z

Silver metal nano-matrixes as high efficiency and versatile catalytic reactors for environmental remediation.

Nano-porous metallic matrixes (NMMs) offer superior surface to volume ratios as well as enhanced optical, photonic, and electronic properties to bulk metallic materials. Such behaviours are correlated to the nano-scale inter-grain metal domains that favour the presence of electronic vacancies. In this work, continuous 3D NMMs were synthesized for the first time through a simple diffusion-reduction process whereby the aerogel matrix was functionalized with (3-Mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane. The surface energy of the silica monolith templates was tuned to improve the homogeneity of the reduction process while thiol functionalization facilitated the formation of a high density of seeding points for metal ions to reduce. The diameter of NMMs was between 2 and 1000 nm, corresponding to a silver loading between 1.23 and 41.16 at.%. A rates of catalytic degradation kinetics of these NMMS which is three orders of magnitude higher than those of the non-functionalized silver-silica structures. Furthermore, the enhancement in mechanical stability at nanoscale which was evaluated by Atomic Force Microscopy force measurements, electronic density and chemical inertness was assessed and critically correlated to their catalytic potential. This strategy opens up new avenues for design of complex architectures of either single or multi-metal alloy NMMs with enhanced surface properties for various applications

Minimum Torque Ripple Control for Brushless Doubly-Fed Induction Generator-DC System under Power Winding Open-Phase Fault

In order to cope with the severe torque ripple caused by the open-phase fault of the power winding (PW) in the brushless doubly-fed induction generator-dc (BDFIG-DC) system, a novel minimum torque ripple control method is proposed in this article. The proposed method does not rely on additional external hardware devices and can minimize the torque ripple in the faulty system, thereby reducing damage to the machine bearings. Firstly, this article analyzes the harmonic components of the torque caused by PW open-phase fault in details, and derives the simplified torque expression. Secondly, by regulating the 3rd and 5th harmonic currents of PW, a minimum torque ripple control method is proposed. To obtain the real-time reference values of PW 3rd and 5th harmonic currents, the Newton's gradient descent method is adopted. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is proven by comprehensive experimental results on a 5-kVA BDFIG-DC system platform

Proceedings from the 2023 transdisciplinary conference for future leaders in precision public health "Applying Implementation Science to Precision Public Health".

Precision public health (PPH) approaches use big data to inform tailored, population-level interventions. The field has roots in genomics, but it has expanded to encompass data-informed public health programs across various types of data or applications. The Precision Public Health Network hosted a 2023 conference focused on implementation science-the study of how to integrate PPH programs into practice. Some implementation needs that emerged across speakers included establishing robust evidence of clinical utility and feasibility, disseminating clinical best practices through guidelines and tools for providers, sharing tools or information to reduce duplicated efforts across settings, and considering context-specific factors. Considering feasibility, setting-specific factors, and meaningful engagement with relevant user groups throughout the research and implementation process are critical to the successful and sustainable implementation of PPH programs. The Network also hosted an interactive workshop to generate ideas and ongoing collaboration on essential outcomes or data measures for PPH programs, and strategies to center health equity in PPH. This conference and workshop are part of the ongoing work of the PPHN to convene experts across disciplines and settings, share knowledge, and galvanize the field of PPH

Inundation of different river bank heights influences organic matter concentrations and zooplankton abundance

Regulation and water extraction change flow regimes in lowland rivers, affecting ecosystem functions and wetting patterns of riverbanks. River connectivity to lateral environments is crucial for organic matter cycling and the life cycles of diapausing microinvertebrates. While extreme hydraulic periods (floods and cease-flow) are well-studied, the impact of small to medium flows on riverine carbon flux is less understood. We conducted a mesocosm study to examine litter, nutrient, and zooplankton contributions from different bank heights in the Mehi River, Australia. Sediment from three bank heights (lower, lower + middle, and lower + middle + upper) was added to 1000 L mesocosms. Upper bank heights had more organic matter, leaf litter, and live plant coverage. Sediment from upper and middle banks increased organic carbon and phosphorus concentrations. Zooplankton abundance was higher in treatments with upper bank sediment compared to lower bank sediment. Zooplankton communities varied, with rotifer taxa including Keratella valga and Filinia passa in upper bank treatments. We estimated zooplankton biomass contributions under current regulated hydrology and compared them to a predevelopment scenario without water extraction. Regulation has reduced zooplankton input from banks by about 8.8%. Inundating higher banks increases carbon and microinvertebrate availability for food webs compared to only inundating lower sections. These findings inform effective flow management strategies and highlight how targeted environmental water use can enhance lowland river ecosystem productivity

BREATHLEssness in INDIA (BREATHE-INDIA): realist review to develop explanatory programme theory about breathlessness self-management in India.

Breathlessness is highly prevalent in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Low-cost, non-drug, breathlessness self-management interventions are effective in high-income countries. However, health beliefs influence acceptability and have not been explored in LMIC settings. Review with stakeholder engagement to co-develop explanatory programme theories for whom, if, and how breathlessness self-management might work in community settings in India. Iterative and systematic searches identified peer-reviewed articles, policy and media, and expert-identified sources. Data were extracted in terms of contribution to theory (high, medium, low), and theories developed with stakeholder groups (doctors, nurses and allied professionals, people with lived experiences, lay health workers) and an International Steering Group (RAMESES guidelines (PROSPERO42022375768)). One hundred and four data sources and 11 stakeholder workshops produced 8 initial programme theories and 3 consolidated programme theories. (1) Context: breathlessness is common due to illness, environment, and lifestyle. Cultural beliefs shape misunderstandings about breathlessness; hereditary, part of aging, linked to asthma. It is stigmatised and poorly understood as a treatable issue. People often use rest, incense, or tea, while avoiding physical activity due to fear of worsening breathlessness. Trusted voices, such as healthcare workers and community members, can help address misconceptions with clear, simple messages. (2) Breathlessness intervention applicability: nonpharmacological interventions can work across different contexts when they address unhelpful beliefs and behaviours. Introducing concepts like "too much rest leads to deconditioning" aligns with cultural norms while promoting beneficial behavioural changes, such as gradual physical activity. Acknowledging breathlessness as a medical issue is key to improving patient and family well-being. (3) Implementation: community-based healthcare workers are trusted but need simple, low-cost resources/skills integrated into existing training. Education should focus on managing acute episodes and daily breathlessness, reducing fear, and encouraging behavioural change. Evidence-based tools are vital to gain support from policymakers and expand implementation. Breathlessness management in India must integrate symptom management alongside public health and disease treatment strategies. Self-management interventions can be implemented in an LMIC setting. However, our novel methods indicate that understanding the context for implementation is essential so that unhelpful health beliefs can be addressed at the point of intervention delivery

Energy transition towards electric vehicle technology: Recent advancements

Electric vehicles (EVs) have emerged as a potential solution to address the ecological issues posed by conventional internal combustion engine vehicles. The current study entails a comprehensive overview of the advancements and challenges in EV technology, focusing on key areas of development, including battery technology, environmental impact, charging infrastructure, and vehicle design. The current study begins by summarizing the significant improvements in battery energy density, cost reduction, and durability, which have contributed to the growing popularity of EVs. Evaluating developments in battery chemistry, energy density, and affordability, the study emphasizes how vital batteries are to determining the range and efficiency of electric vehicles. Focusing on deploying fast-charging networks and wireless charging technologies highlights the lack of technological advancements in the current charging infrastructure. Maximizing EV performance and range encompasses advancements in lightweight materials, aerodynamic improvements, and the integration of advanced driver-assistance systems. Environmental factors play a major role in this assessment since reducing air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions drives the switch to EVs. In this study, the life cycle of EVs is compared to that of conventional vehicles, and the possibility of EVs reducing the transportation sector's overall carbon footprint will contribute to net zero carbon emissions. In conclusion, this comprehensive review of recent developments and trends in EV technology, such as solid-state batteries, driverless EVs, and the contribution of tax breaks to EV adoption. To conclude, this thorough analysis is an invaluable resource for scholars, decision-makers, and industry participants who seek to comprehend the condition of EV technology today, its obstacles, and its potential to transform sustainable transportation completely

Enhancing energy storage capability for renewable energy systems through advanced cement-based supercapacitors

As global warming worsens, countries around the world have developed policies to reduce carbon emissions and accelerate the transition to renewable energy. Recently, cement-based supercapacitors have attracted significant attention due to their low energy consumption and multifunctionality, offering a promising solution for large-scale energy storage in renewable energy systems. This review provides an overview of the advancements, mechanism and characterization of cement-based supercapacitors, followed by an analysis of performance studies on mechanical and electrochemical properties based on cement types, water to cement (W/C) ratio, curing age, additives, and various electrodes of contemporary interest. The progress in overcoming issues related to the energy storage capacity and mechanical properties of polymer modified cement-based electrolytes is analyzed. In addition, high-performance and long-lifespan electrodes modified by nanomaterials and metal oxides are essential for establishing highly efficient cement-based supercapacitors. The multifunctionality of these materials is further discussed, emphasizing mitigating intrinsic contradictions is key to large-scale production and commercialization. Finally, perspectives are provided on the future development requirements of advanced cement-based supercapacitors, focusing on sustainability, economic promotion, social impact, and industrial stability. This review not only provides direction for researchers in renewable energy storage but also offers valuable insights for achieving energy savings and carbon neutrality