Digital Rock Analysis: A Morphological Approach from Micro- to Meso-Scale in Petrophysics

Constructing 3D digital rock models is essential for accurately estimating petrophysical properties using porescale modelling. These models represent rock microstructures and capture complex features such as porosity, pore geometry, connectivity, and grain size distribution that are vital for computing petrophysical rock properties such as permeability. Reconstructing 3D models from two-dimensional images or statistical methods joins the micro and core scales, enabling applications in contexts lacking physical samples.In this paper, we adopt the morphological approach (MA) to construct 3D digital rock models using 2D SEM and micro-CT images in tarmat-bearing formation. This methodology provides accurate, physics-based insights into porosity, permeability, and their relationship, enabling more reliable predictions.Machine learning (ML) techniques, such as SliceGAN, have been conducted to reconstruct realistic 3D models from 3D images, hence tackling difficulties in regions like “tarmat”, where direct 3D imaging poses difficulty. The integration of machine learning into the 3D reconstruction process with MA offers a practical approach for checking the reliability of real rock structures in the 3D reconstruction process by using MA, hence enabling advancements in numerical modelling at the mesa and pore scale

Deep Learning Ensemble for Methane Emissions Detection in Satellite Imagery

Methane emissions are a significant contributor to global warming and their effective detection and monitoring is essential to achieve NetZero goals. The role of methane in global warming is widely acknowledged, prompting initiatives such as the Global Methane Pledge and Oil and Gas Methane Partnership 2.0 to drive meaningful environmental action. Although methane reductions in the energy sector are often considered low-hanging fruit, significant technological challenges remain in detecting and quantifying methane emissions accurately under manageable monitoring costs.Satellite imagery has emerged as the most promising and cost-effective solution to this issue. However, detecting methane emissions below 1 metric ton/hour continues to be a challenge.This work outlines a novel methodology of an AI-based system for detecting methane emission locations using Sentinel-2 multispectral satellite imagery. The proposed technology employs at its core a bespoke ensemble of AI models to identify methane emission signals and the distinctive shapes of methane plumes, which are concealed in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) satellite bands. Our system can accurately distinguish methane signal and methane plume shape from the background noise with detection limit of 300 kg/hour. This capability is built upon a unique dataset of real-world methane leak events and leverages public-domain, multispectral satellite data

New insights into bioactive Ga(III) hydroxyquinolinate complexes from UV-vis, fluorescence and multinuclear high-field NMR studies

There is current interest in the anticancer and antimicrobial activities of Ga(III) tris-hydroxyquinolinate complexes, and hence their solution and solid-state chemistry. Here, we have studied the formation, stability and structure of a novel tris-5,7-dibromo-8-hydroxyquinolinate Ga(III) complex [Ga(Br2-HQ)3]. Reactions of 5,7-dibromo-8-hydroxyquinoline with Ga(NO)3 in DMSO were followed using electronic absorption and emission spectroscopy, and revealed the slow but concerted coordination of three chelated ligands, with ligand deprotonation being the apparent rate-limiting step, facilitated by basic Ga(III) hydroxido species. The emissive excited state of [Ga(Br2-HQ)3] in DMSO had a short half-life of 1.2 ns, and the fluorescence (550 nm, λex = 400 nm) was characterized by TDDFT calculations as arising from a ligand-centred singlet S1 state. We compared the structures of [Ga(Br2-HQ)3] and the clinical tris-hydroxyquinolinate complex [Ga(HQ)3] using high-field magic-angle-spinning solid-state 1D and 2D 850 MHz and 1 GHz 1H, 13C and 71Ga NMR spectroscopy. The similarity of their coordination spheres was confirmed by their 71Ga chemical shifts of 101 and 98 ppm, respectively, and quadrupolar coupling constants of 9.265 MHz and 9.282 MHz. 1H-1H 2D NOESY experiments revealed second coordination sphere interactions between an acetic acid solvent molecule and the bound hydroxyquinolinate ligands of [Ga(HQ)3]·0.5CH3CO2H. This finding suggests that carboxylic acids could play a role in modifying the formulation properties of this drug for clinical use.</p

Duoethnographic inquiry into translingualism and language teacher identity

Recent investigations into multilingualism and translanguaging by language teachers have highlighted the importance of individual identity and social context in determining the scope or ability to carry out translingual practices and enact preferred identities (Nagashima &amp; Lawrence, 2020). In this chapter we take up the call issued by Lee and Canagarajah (2019) to examine the ways in which “contradicting ideologies about language and language teaching and their experience of power, privilege, marginalization or other lived experiences and identities interplay in enacting translingual dispositions” (p. 361). We do this by adopting a two-stage duoethnographic approach to explore the experiences of two multilingual migrant English teachers; one a “non-native speaker” teaching in the “native” English environment of the UK, and the other a “native speaker” teaching in the “non-native” environment of Japan. The study reveals that monolingualism and native-speakerism in the local communities have heavily influenced our willingness to claim a bilingual identity, preventing us from adopting a translingual disposition. It also puts constraints on our autonomy in professional identity negotiation and results in us de-emphasising or concealing our national origins. However, our stories also show that teachers’ small acts of resistance can afford them the possibility to challenge existing ideologies

Transformative Events:A Migrant Narrative of Identity and Belonging at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe

This chapter presents a personal case study of a Syrian scholar performing research on stage at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe. It explores how narrative performances can challenge stereotypes and singular narratives about migration, fostering a sense of belonging and identity among migrants. The chapter emphasizes the transformative power of storytelling events in creating inclusive spaces and promoting social change. It highlights the importance of narrative performance as a method for engaging public audiences and addressing issues of migration and displacement

Community Centres as Sites of Translation: Placemaking in Edinburgh

This article presents a research project comprising a series of community initiatives in Edinburgh, a city which displays a disproportionately English-heavy linguistic profile, despite the cosmopolitan influences of both migration and tourism. Our case study created sites of “translation spaces” (Simon, Space), where the dominant direction of translation is challenged and critiqued, or even temporarily reversed to reclaim urban space (Marasligil). The research team collaborated with local libraries and community centres to establish several sites of translations. This paper focuses on one key site: a series of art workshops led by refugee artists. Drawing upon Simon's concept of translation space as “a space of heightened language awareness, where exchange is accelerated or blocked, facilitated or forced, questioned or critiqued" (Space 97), we explicitly thematized the role of language(s) and language exchange in these microsites, so that language traffic (Simon, Translation sites) and dynamics could be observed, discussed, and challenged. In this way, this article contributes to the study of translation space in two aspects. First, it demonstrates how contested language spaces can be analyzed through translation practices manifested in various material modes, including interpretations (or, oral translations) provided by participants for each other in art workshops, and intersemiotic translation, from feelings towards languages to artwork. Second, the paper reflects on how creating such microsites of translation can contribute to resisting the dominant direction of translation in the city

Overlapping Direct Radiating Arrays with an Interleaved Layer of Tiles for Satellite Communications

Hybrid beamforming schemes have been welcomed in the past years as a prolific way to reduce the digital complexity of direct radiating arrays. Nevertheless, such cascade of analog and digital beamforming implies the addition of interfering grating lobes, considered as highly problematic in broadband satellite communications. Overlapping is seen as a solution and has emerged in the literature as an efficient technique to partially mitigate some or all these unwanted lobes. Often, it guarantees strong performances by increasing the analog complexity and is limited by the hardware implementation on-board the satellite. A solution is proposed in the abstract that avoids such limitations. An additional layer of tiles shifted by half the size of a sub array along 2-D is interleaved with the classic hybrid beamforming scheme. The advantages and drawbacks of the methodology are discussed

A multiscale Bayesian approach to quantification and denoising of energy-dispersive x-ray data

Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum imaging yields compositional information with a spatial resolution down to the atomic level. However, experimental limitations often produce extremely sparse and noisy EDX spectra. Under such conditions, every detected X-ray must be leveraged to obtain the maximum possible amount of information about the sample. To this end, we introduce a robust multiscale Bayesian approach that accounts for the Poisson statistics in the EDX data and leverages their underlying spatial correlations. This is combined with EDX spectral simulation (elemental contributions and Bremsstrahlung background) into a Bayesian estimation strategy. When tested using simulated datasets, the chemical maps obtained with this approach are more accurate and preserve a higher spatial resolution than those obtained by standard methods. These properties translate to experimental datasets, where the method enhances the atomic resolution chemical maps of a canonical tetragonal ferroelectric PbTiO3 sample, such that ferroelectric domains are mapped with unit-cell resolution

Multiband waveguide filters with advanced filtering characteristics based on an in‐band transmission zeros method and stacked cylindrical resonators

This paper significantly improves the previously proposed novel multiband waveguide filter implementation employing cylindrical resonators. The improved model has the advantages of a further reduced footprint using stacking shunt resonators horizontally and vertically and the ability to realise advanced filtering functions, including transmission zeros below and above the passbands. The coupling matrix synthesis with a brief example and a detailed filter design with considerations for additional coupling and in‐line and folded topologies is given. Several filter prototypes, namely third‐order quad‐band and quintuple‐band in‐line filters and a sixth‐order dual‐band folded filter in Ku‐band, were designed to validate the proposed model. Selective laser melting (SLM), a metal 3‐D printing technique where metal powder is selectively melted with a laser layer by layer, was used to fabricate a dual‐band folded filter prototype in copper to validate the proposed model since the model has a complex inner geometry. Additionally, selective laser melting has the advantage of monolithic near‐net shape fabrication, eliminating assembly, improving reliability, and reducing weight. The measured results show good agreement with the simulations

Late Cenozoic intensification of deoxygenation in the Pacific Ocean

The Pacific Ocean hosts the largest expanse of oxygen depleted waters owing to a combination of factors influencing oxygen supply and consumption, with consequences for biogeochemical cycling. However, understanding of the long-term evolution of the Pacific Oxygen Deficient Zone remains poorly constrained. Here we apply the Iodine to Calcium (I/Ca) ratio in planktic foraminifera, in combination with the absence/presence of Globorotaloides hexagonus, from four tropical Pacific Ocean sites to reconstruct oceanic oxygen across the late Cenozoic. To validate the application of I/Ca, we supplement existing I/Ca calibration datasets by expanding their spatial coverage with additional core-top measurements. Our downcore results, combined with other lines of evidence, indicate the emergence and establishment of low oxygen waters from the late Miocene-Pliocene. The decline in Pacific Ocean oxygen accompanies large-scale climate and tectonic changes and likely impacted marine carbon cycling