Climate change and cancer: an oncology nurse perspective in two Colombian regions

Given the lack of publications and public policies addressing the relationship between cli-mate change and cancer care in Colombia, we present an exploration of the perspectives and communication practices of a group of nurses from Valle del Cauca and Antioquia. We provide a context based on the available literature on climate change and general health then provide an overview of cancer in the country. Next, we present how oncology nurses have incorporated information about strategies their patients can use to mitigate the effects of climate change on their health. We highlight the centrality of patient -centered communication using a framework from the US National Cancer Institute) and the fundamental role nurses have in patients' experiences throughout their treatment. We conclude with the need to investigate oncology nurse communication practices in other Colombian hospitals, with consideration of culture, cancer stigma, barriers to care and other factors that may influence successful climate change mitigation and to bet-ter understand how other Latin American oncology nurses are addressing this serious challenge

On moral impact and legal practice

Some recent debates in general jurisprudence concern so-called 'moral impact ' theories of law, chiefly in the version proposed by Mark Greenberg. Greenberg provocatively portrays law as the moral impact of institutional action. He presents his 'moral impact' formula as the 'legally correct' way to figure out the law's content on the part of practitioners. His proposal has attracted some fine scholarship denouncing ambiguities within the account, and inconsistencies between the account and legal practice. Bill Watson takes these concerns a valuable step further. He argues that Greenberg's theory distorts not only what practitioners count as law, but also how they reason to that effect

Estratègies d’afrontament de situacions complexes pel futur professional​

Activitat organitzada per la coordinació de l’equip docent del Pràcticum d’Educació social. La recerca presentada ha estat finançada per la Convocatòria d’Ajudes en Investigació en Docència Universitària de l’Institut de Desenvolupament Professional de la Universitat de Barcelona (Ref. REDICE22-3400

Evaluation of somatic mutations in cervicovaginal samples as a non-invasive method for the detection and molecular classification of endometrial cancer

Background The incidence of endometrial cancer is increasing worldwide. While delays in diagnosis reduce survival, case molecular misclassification might be associated with under- and over-treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate genetic alterations to detect and molecularly classify cases of endometrial cancer using non-invasive samples. Methods Consecutive patients with incident endometrial cancer (N = 139) and controls (N = 107) from a recent Spanish case–control study were included in this analysis. Overall, 339 cervicovaginal samples (out of which 228 were clinician-collected and 111 were self-collected) were analysed using a test based on next-generation sequencing (NGS), which targets 47 genes. Immunohistochemical markers were evaluated in 133 tumour samples. A total of 159 samples were used to train the detection algorithm and 180 samples were used for validation. Findings Overall, 73% (N = 94 out of 129 clinician-collected samples, and N = 66 out of 90 self-collected samples) of endometrial cancer cases had detectable mutations in clinician-collected and self-collected samples, while the specificity was 80% (79/99) for clinician-collected samples and 90% (19/21) for self-collected samples. The molecular classifications obtained using tumour samples and non-invasive gynaecologic samples in our study showed moderate-to-good agreement. The molecular classification of cases of endometrial cancer into four groups using NGS of both clinician-collected and self-collected cervicovaginal samples yielded significant differences in disease-free survival. The cases with mutations in POLE had an excellent prognosis, whereas the cases with TP53 mutations had the poorest clinical outcome, which is consistent with the data on tumour samples. Interpretation This study classified endometrial cancer cases into four molecular groups based on the analysis of cervicovaginal samples that showed significant differences in disease-free survival. The molecular classification of endometrial cancer in non-invasive samples may improve patient care and survival by indicating the early need for aggressive surgery, as well as reducing referrals to highly specialized hospitals in cancers with good prognosis. Validation in independent sets will confirm the potential for molecular classification in non-invasive samples. Funding This study was funded by a competitive grant from Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the projects PI19/01835, PI23/00790, and FI20/00031, CIBERESP CB06/02/0073 and CIBERONC CB16/12/00231, CB16/12/00234 (Co-funded by European Regional Development Fund. ERDF: A way to build Europe). Samples and data were provided by Biobank HUB-ICO-IDIBELL, integrated into the Spanish Biobank Network, and funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PT20/00171) and by Xarxa de Bancs de Tumors de Catalunya (XBTC) sponsored by Pla Director d’Oncologia de Catalunya. This work was supported in part by the AECC, Grupos estables (GCTRA18014MATI). It also counts with the support of the Secretariat for Universities and Research of the Department of Business and Knowledge of the Generalitat de Catalunya, and grants to support the activities of research groups 2021SGR01354 and 2021SGR1112

Anàlisi del model de finançament autonòmic de règim comú actual (2009): Punts febles i línies de reforma

Treballs Finals del Grau d'Economia, Facultat d'Economia i Empresa, Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2023-2024 , Tutor: Núria Bosch RocaEn aquest treball em disposo a analitzar el model de finançament autonòmic actual (2009) per tal d’entendre si és l’adequat o si bé mereix una certa remodelització. Per fer-ho, s’adopta una visió federalista, tot posant èmfasi en alguns dels principis del federalisme fiscal els quals tant el sistema espanyol com qualsevol altre sistema descentralitzat d’arreu del món ha de donar resposta. Tot seguit d’exposar el funcionament del model autonòmic, s’incideix en els diversos problemes detectats, els quals orbiten sobre la poca cultura federal espanyola. Pel que, a continuació, s’hi exposen diverses línies de reforma, com una major aposta pel federalisme fiscal, una major asimetria en l’Estat autonòmic o una major optimització de la distribució de recursos, entre d’altres. Finalment, es conclou amb els motius que corroboren l’inoportú model de finançament autonòmic

The diabolic loop between sovereign and banking risk in the euro area

Multiple interconnected channels link banks and governments: the sovereign-exposure channel (banks hold significant amounts of sovereign debt), the safety net channel (government guarantees protect banks), and the macroeconomic channel (bank and government health affect and is affected by economic activity). However, the sovereign-bank nexus in euro-area countries is particularly worrying since its member states issue debt in a currency they do not directly control and cannot ensure nominal repayment to bondholders. In this work, we summarise the main theoretical and empirical contributions that analyse this phenomenon and the legislative and institutional initiatives to reduce sovereign exposures in the banking sector

Impacto de la inclusión de edades extremas en tarificación

El presente estudio consiste en la elaboración de tablas mortalidad para España que incluyan el riesgo de mortalidad para edades hasta los 125 años. Se elaboran tablas de mortalidad a partir de datos observados para individuos de los 0 a los 100 años y datos estimados a partir de un modelo de supervivencia de los 101 a los 125 años durante el período entre 1975 y 2018. Posteriormente, se realizan proyecciones futuras de mortalidad a partir de las tablas generadas. Se concluye con una comparación que permite observar si existen diferencias significativas en tarificación utilizando dichas proyecciones en lugar de proyecciones de mortalidad hasta los 100 años, como frecuentemente se realiza en la práctica

Adipose tissue dynamics: Cellular and lipid turnover in health and disease

The alarming increase in obesity and its related metabolic health complications, such as type 2 diabetes, has evolved into a global pandemic. Obesity is mainly characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue, primarily due to an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Prolonged positive energy balance leads to the expansion of existing adipocytes (hypertrophy) and/or an increase in preadipocyte and adipocyte number (hyperplasia) to accommodate excess energy intake. However, obesity is not solely defined by increases in adipocyte size and number. The turnover of adipose tissue cells also plays a crucial role in the development and progression of obesity. Cell turnover encompasses the processes of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, which collectively regulate the overall cell population within adipose tissue. Lipid turnover represents another critical factor that influences how adipose tissue stores and releases energy. Our understanding of adipose tissue lipid turnover in humans remains limited due to the slow rate of turnover and methodological constraints. Nonetheless, disturbances in lipid metabolism are strongly associated with altered adipose tissue lipid turnover. In obesity, there is a decreased rate of triglyceride removal (lipolysis followed by oxidation), leading to the accumulation of triglycerides over time. This review provides a comprehensive summary of findings from both in vitro and in vivo methods used to study the turnover of adipose cells and lipids in metabolic health and disease. Understanding the mechanisms underlying cellular and lipid turnover in obesity is essential for developing strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of excess adiposity

Robustez de los Modelos Lineales Mixtos Generalizados para Diseños Split-Plot con Datos Binarios

This paper examined the robustness of the generalized linear mixed model (GLMM). The GLMM estimates fixed and random effects, and it is especially useful when the dependent variable is binary. It is also useful when the dependent variable involves repeated measures, since it can model correlation. The present study used Monte Carlo simulation to analyze the empirical Type I error rates of GLMMs in split-plot designs. The variables manipulated were sample size, group size, number of repeated measures, and correlation between repeated measures. Extreme conditions were also considered, including small samples, unbalanced groups, and different correlation in each group (pairing between group size and correlation between repeated measures). For balanced groups, the results showed that the group effect was robust under all conditions, while for unbalanced groups the effect tended to be conservative with positive pairing and liberal with negative pairing. Regarding time and interaction effects, the results showed, for both balanced and unbalanced groups, that: (a) The test was robust with low correlation (.2), but conservative for medium values of correlation (.4 and .6), and (b) the test tended to be conservative for positive and negative pairing, especially the latter

Sweeps, Polytopes, Oriented Matroids, and Allowable Graphs of Permutations

A sweep of a point configuration is any ordered partition induced by a linear func- tional. Posets of sweeps of planar point configurations were formalized and abstracted by Goodman and Pollack under the theory of allowable sequences of permutations. We introduce two generalizations that model posets of sweeps of higher dimensional configurations. Sweeps of a point configuration are in bijection with faces of an asso- ciated sweep polytope. Mimicking the fact that sweep polytopes are projections of permutahedra, we define sweep oriented matroids as strong maps of the braid oriented matroid. Allowable sequences are then the sweep oriented matroids of rank 2, and many of their properties extend to higher rank. We show strong ties between sweep oriented matroids and both modular hyperplanes and Dilworth truncations from (unoriented) matroid theory. Pseudo-sweeps are a generalization of sweeps in which the sweep- ing hyperplane is allowed to slightly change direction, and that can be extended to arbitrary oriented matroids in terms of cellular strings. We prove that for sweepable oriented matroids, sweep oriented matroids provide a sphere that is a deformation retract of the poset of pseudo-sweeps. This generalizes a property of sweep polytopes (which can be interpreted as monotone path polytopes of zonotopes), and solves a special case of the strong Generalized Baues Problem for cellular strings. A second generalization are allowable graphs of permutations: symmetric sets of permutations pairwise connected by allowable sequences. They have the structure of acycloids and include sweep oriented matroid